@Benchmark
  void oldRepeat(long reps) {
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      String x = oldRepeat(originalString, count);
      if (x.length() != (originalString.length() * count)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Wrong length: " + x);
      }
    }
  }

  private static String oldRepeat(String string, int count) {
    // If this multiplication overflows, a NegativeArraySizeException or

    }

    public void test_constructor_withMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with message and cause
        String message = "Plugin initialization failed";
        Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("Underlying error");
        PluginException exception = new PluginException(message, cause);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());

      immediateFailedFuture(CHECKED_EXCEPTION);
  static final RuntimeException UNCHECKED_EXCEPTION = new RuntimeException("mymessage");
  static final Future<String> FAILED_FUTURE_UNCHECKED_EXCEPTION =
      immediateFailedFuture(UNCHECKED_EXCEPTION);
  static final RuntimeException RUNTIME_EXCEPTION = new RuntimeException();
  static final OtherThrowable OTHER_THROWABLE = new OtherThrowable();

        when(supplier.get()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException(new SmbUnsupportedOperationException("boom")));

        // Act & Assert: the exception is propagated and interaction recorded once
        RuntimeException thrown = assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, supplier::get);
        assertInstanceOf(SmbUnsupportedOperationException.class, thrown.getCause());
        assertEquals("boom", thrown.getCause().getMessage());

        // Create a root cause exception
        RuntimeException rootCause = new RuntimeException("Root cause error");
        TransportException exception = new TransportException(rootCause);

        // Verify the exception has the correct cause
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("java.lang.RuntimeException: Root cause error", exception.getMessage());

        assertTrue(cause3 instanceof RuntimeException);
        assertEquals("Level 3 error", cause3.getMessage());

        assertNull(cause3.getCause());
    }

    public void test_serialization() throws Exception {
        // Test serialization and deserialization
        String message = "Serializable SSO exception";
        Exception cause = new RuntimeException("Serializable cause");

    checkNotNull(throwable);
    if (throwable instanceof RuntimeException) {
      throw (RuntimeException) throwable;
    }
    if (throwable instanceof Error) {
      throw (Error) throwable;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Propagates {@code throwable} exactly as-is, if and only if it is an instance of {@link
   * RuntimeException} or {@link Error}.
   *

    }

    @Test
    public void testExceptionChaining() {
        IOException rootCause = new IOException("Root cause");
        RuntimeException intermediateCause = new RuntimeException("Intermediate", rootCause);
        CurlException exception = new CurlException("Final message", intermediateCause);

        assertEquals("Final message", exception.getMessage());

            Long nullValue = null;
            return nullValue;
        }
    }

    // Test class that throws RuntimeException
    private static class RuntimeExceptionScoreBooster extends ScoreBooster {
        @Override
        public long process() {
            throw new RuntimeException("Runtime exception message");
        }
    }

        String username = "testuser";
        FessUserNotFoundException originalException = new FessUserNotFoundException(username);

        try {
            throw new RuntimeException("Wrapper exception", originalException);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            assertEquals("Wrapper exception", e.getMessage());
            assertNotNull(e.getCause());
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof FessUserNotFoundException);