// Verify chain
        assertSame(level1, topLevel.getCause());
        assertSame(level2, topLevel.getCause().getCause());
        assertSame(level3, topLevel.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertNull(topLevel.getCause().getCause().getCause().getCause());

        // Verify messages
        assertEquals("Top level", topLevel.getMessage());

        RuntimeCIFSException finalException = new RuntimeCIFSException("Final error", intermediateCause);

        // Then
        assertEquals(intermediateCause, finalException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, finalException.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Final error", finalException.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Intermediate", intermediateCause.getMessage());

        // Then
        assertNotNull(restored);
        assertEquals("serialize me", restored.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(restored.getCause());
        assertEquals(IllegalArgumentException.class, restored.getCause().getClass());
        assertEquals("iaex", restored.getCause().getMessage());
    }

        assertEquals("Final message", exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(intermediateCause, exception.getCause());
        assertSame(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void testToString() {
        String message = "Test error message";
        CurlException exception = new CurlException(message);

        assertNull(nullCauseException.getCause());

        // Test with both null
        TransportException bothNullException = new TransportException(null, null);
        assertNull(bothNullException.getMessage());
        assertNull(bothNullException.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test deprecated getRootCause method returns the same as getCause")
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")

        } else {
            assertEquals(msg, ex.getMessage(), "Message should be stored as provided");
        }
        assertSame(cause, ex.getCause(), "Cause should be stored and retrievable");
        assertSame(cause, ex.getRootCause(), "Deprecated getRootCause should match getCause");
        assertEquals(NtStatus.NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL, ex.getNtStatus(), "Status should default to unsuccessful for message+cause ctor");
    }

     */
    @Test
    void testDefaultConstructor() {
        PACDecodingException e = new PACDecodingException();
        // Expect null message and null cause
        assertNull(e.getMessage());
        assertNull(e.getCause());
    }

    /**
     * Test the constructor with a message.
     */
    @Test
    void testMessageConstructor() {
        String errorMessage = "This is a test error message.";

        // Assert - message and cause are null
        assertNull(ex.getMessage(), "Default constructor should have null message");
        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");

        // Assert - toString shows class name when message is null
        assertEquals(SMBProtocolDowngradeException.class.getName(), ex.toString());

        if (e.getCause() instanceof MultipleArtifactsNotFoundException) {
            return true;
        }
        return e.getCause() instanceof org.eclipse.aether.resolution.ArtifactResolutionException
                && e.getCause().getCause() instanceof ArtifactNotFoundException;
    }

    private boolean isNonTransferablePom(Exception e) {
        if (e.getCause() instanceof ArtifactResolutionException) {

        CIFSUnsupportedCryptoException exception = new CIFSUnsupportedCryptoException();

        // Then
        assertNull(exception.getMessage(), "Default constructor should have null message");
        assertNull(exception.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeCIFSException, "Should extend RuntimeCIFSException");