///

### Pydantic and FastAPI `examples` { #pydantic-and-fastapi-examples }

When you add `examples` inside a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(examples=["something"])` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.

And that **JSON Schema** of the Pydantic model is included in the **OpenAPI** of your API, and then it's used in the docs UI.

      <resource>
        <directory>src</directory>
      </resource>
      <!-- src-super is copied to guava-gwt-sources (so that we can strip its @Nullable annotations), so we don't need to list it here. We may want to arrange something similar for test-super someday. -->
      <!-- TODO(cpovirk): Why do we have separate src and src-super directories, anyway? -->
      <resource>
        <directory>${project.build.directory}/guava-gwt-sources</directory>

* đường dẫn `/`
* sử dụng một <abbr title="an HTTP GET method">toán tử<code>get</code></abbr>

/// info | Thông tin về "`@decorator`"

Cú pháp `@something` trong Python được gọi là một "decorator".

Bạn đặt nó trên một hàm. Giống như một chiếc mũ xinh xắn (Tôi ddonas đó là lí do mà thuật ngữ này ra đời).

Một "decorator" lấy một hàm bên dưới và thực hiện một vài thứ với nó.

By validating the data with Pydantic we can make sure that we have, for example, exactly a `list` of `str` with the scopes and a `str` with the `username`.

Instead of, for example, a `dict`, or something else, as it could break the application at some point later, making it a security risk.

We also verify that we have a user with that username, and if not, we raise that same exception we created before.

/// tip | Подсказка

        // Test with matching bad word
        String[] badWords2 = { "test", "bad" };
        assertTrue(item.isBadWord(badWords2));

        // Test with partial match
        item.setText("testing something");
        String[] badWords3 = { "test" };
        assertTrue(item.isBadWord(badWords3));
    }

    @Test
    public void testToEmptyMap() {
        // Test toEmptyMap method

Now that we have all the security flow, let's make the application actually secure, using <abbr title="JSON Web Tokens">JWT</abbr> tokens and secure password hashing.

This code is something you can actually use in your application, save the password hashes in your database, etc.

We are going to start from where we left in the previous chapter and increment it.

## About JWT { #about-jwt }

/// tip | Tipp

Pydantic, welches die gesamte Datenvalidierung und Serialisierung in FastAPI antreibt, hat ein spezielles Verhalten, wenn Sie `Optional` oder `Union[Something, None]` ohne Defaultwert verwenden, Sie können mehr darüber in der Pydantic-Dokumentation unter <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required fields</a> erfahren.

    }

    @Override
    public OneSizeTestContainerGenerator<Map<K, V>, Entry<K, V>> getInnerGenerator() {
      return mapGenerator;
    }
  }

  // TODO(cpovirk): could something like this be used elsewhere, e.g., ReserializedListGenerator?
  static class ForwardingTestMapGenerator<K extends @Nullable Object, V extends @Nullable Object>
      implements TestMapGenerator<K, V> {

이로인해, FastAPI 0.99.0 이전 버전은 아직 OpenAPI 3.1.0 보다 낮은 버전을 사용했습니다.

///

### Pydantic과 FastAPI `examples`

`examples`를 Pydantic 모델 속에 추가할 때, `schema_extra` 혹은 `Field(examples=["something"])`를 사용하면 Pydantic 모델의 **JSON 스키마**에 해당 예시가 추가됩니다.

그리고 Pydantic 모델의 **JSON 스키마**는 API의 **OpenAPI**에 포함되고, 그 후 문서 UI 속에서 사용됩니다.