```Python hl_lines="4  14  16-22"
{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    👀 👈 🌐 👉 📟 😁 🇸🇲 🐚.

    `databases` 🚫 🔨 🕳 📥.

## 🗄 & ⚒ 🆙 `databases`

* 🗄 `databases`.
* ✍ `DATABASE_URL`.
* ✍ `database` 🎚.

```Python hl_lines="3  9  12"
{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1641564691 +0100

# 异步 SQL 关系型数据库

**FastAPI** 使用 <a href="https://github.com/encode/databases" class="external-link" target="_blank">`encode/databases`</a> 为连接数据库提供异步支持（`async` 与 `await`）。

`databases` 兼容以下数据库：

* PostgreSQL
* MySQL
* SQLite

本章示例使用 **SQLite**，它使用的是单文件，且 Python 内置集成了 SQLite，因此，可以直接复制并运行本章示例。

生产环境下，则要使用 **PostgreSQL** 等数据库服务器。

!!! tip "提示"

Later, for your production application, you might want to use a database server like **PostgreSQL**.

!!! tip
    You could adopt ideas from the section about SQLAlchemy ORM ([SQL (Relational) Databases](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), like using utility functions to perform operations in the database, independent of your **FastAPI** code.

Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1641564691 +0100

Harsha Laxman <******@****.***> 1687432812 -0700

{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

!!! tip
    The code for `override_get_db()` is almost exactly the same as for `get_db()`, but in `override_get_db()` we use the `TestingSessionLocal` for the testing database instead.

## Test the app

Then we can just test the app as normally.

```Python hl_lines="32-47"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

```

👈 🛎 🤙 `main.py`, ✋️ ⏸ `main.py` ⚙️ 💽 📁 `sql_app.db`, & 👥 💪 ⚒ 💭 👥 ✍ `test.db` 💯.

👥 🚮 👈 ⏸ 📥, ⏮️ 🆕 📁.

```Python hl_lines="16"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

## 🔗 🔐

🔜 👥 ✍ 🔗 🔐 & 🚮 ⚫️ 🔐 👆 📱.

```Python hl_lines="19-24  27"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!}
```

!!! tip

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./sql_app.db"
# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"

engine = create_engine(
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
)
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name

app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)


@app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
def get_orjson_non_str_keys():
    key = quoted_name(value="msg", quote=False)
    return {key: "Hello World", 1: 1}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_orjson_non_str_keys():