@needs_pydanticv1
def test_read_with_orm_mode_pv1() -> None:
    class PersonBase(BaseModel):
        name: str
        lastname: str

    class Person(PersonBase):
        @property
        def full_name(self) -> str:
            return f"{self.name} {self.lastname}"

        class Config:
            orm_mode = True
            read_with_orm_mode = True

    class PersonCreate(PersonBase):

因此，`orion_cat.owner.name`可能是该宠物主人的姓名（来自表`owners`中的列`name`）。

它可能有一个像`"Arquilian"`(一种业务逻辑)。

当您尝试从您的宠物对象访问它时，ORM 将完成所有工作以从相应的表*所有者那里再获取信息。*

常见的 ORM 例如：Django-ORM（Django 框架的一部分）、SQLAlchemy ORM（SQLAlchemy 的一部分，独立于框架）和 Peewee（独立于框架）等。

在这里，我们将看到如何使用**SQLAlchemy ORM**。

以类似的方式，您也可以使用任何其他 ORM。

!!! tip
    在文档中也有一篇使用 Peewee 的等效的文章。

## 文件结构

对于这些示例，假设您有一个名为的目录`my_super_project`，其中包含一个名为的子目录`sql_app`，其结构如下：

class Item(ItemBase):
    id: int
    owner_id: int

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class User(UserBase):
    id: int
    is_active: bool
    items: list[Item] = []

    class Config:

class Item(ItemBase):
    id: int
    owner_id: int

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class User(UserBase):
    id: int
    is_active: bool
    items: List[Item] = []

    class Config:

And the ORM will do all the work to get the information from the corresponding table *owners* when you try to access it from your pet object.

Common ORMs are for example: Django-ORM (part of the Django framework), SQLAlchemy ORM (part of SQLAlchemy, independent of framework) and Peewee (independent of framework), among others.

Here we will see how to work with **SQLAlchemy ORM**.

class Item(ItemBase):
    id: int
    owner_id: int

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class User(UserBase):
    id: int
    is_active: bool
    items: list[Item] = []

    class Config:

    id: int
    owner_id: int

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
        getter_dict = PeeweeGetterDict


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class User(UserBase):
    id: int
    is_active: bool
    items: List[Item] = []

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./sql_app.db"
# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"

engine = create_engine(
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
)
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

from sqlalchemy.orm import Session

from . import models, schemas


def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int):
    return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.id == user_id).first()


def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str):
    return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first()


def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()

from sqlalchemy.orm import Session

from . import models, schemas


def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int):
    return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.id == user_id).first()


def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str):
    return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first()


def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()