In this case, the `startup` event handler function will initialize the items "database" (just a `dict`) with some values.

You can add more than one event handler function.

And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed.

### `shutdown` event { #shutdown-event }

To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event `"shutdown"`:

Puedes añadir más de un manejador de eventos.

Y tu aplicación no comenzará a recibir requests hasta que todos los manejadores de eventos `startup` hayan completado.

### Evento `shutdown`

Para añadir una función que debería ejecutarse cuando la aplicación se esté cerrando, declárala con el evento `"shutdown"`:

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py hl[14:19] *}

함수의 첫 번째 부분, 즉 `yield` 이전의 코드는 애플리케이션이 시작되기 **전에** 실행됩니다.

그리고 `yield` 이후의 부분은 애플리케이션이 완료된 후 **나중에** 실행됩니다.

### 비동기 컨텍스트 매니저

함수를 확인해보면, `@asynccontextmanager`로 장식되어 있습니다.

이것은 함수를 "**비동기 컨텍스트 매니저**"라고 불리는 것으로 변환시킵니다.

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py hl[1,13] *}

# Testing Events: startup - shutdown

Cuando necesitas que tus manejadores de eventos (`startup` y `shutdown`) se ejecuten en tus tests, puedes usar el `TestClient` con un statement `with`:

 *
 * <p>To post an event, simply provide the event object to the {@link #post(Object)} method. The
 * EventBus instance will determine the type of event and route it to all registered listeners.
 *
 * <p>Events are routed based on their type &mdash; an event will be delivered to any subscriber for
 * any type to which the event is assignable. This includes implemented interfaces, all

  }

  fun assertExhausted() {
    assertThat(events).isEmpty()
  }

  fun assertOpen(): WebSocket {
    val event = nextEvent() as Open
    return event.webSocket
  }

  fun assertFailure(t: Throwable?) {
    val event = nextEvent() as Failure
    assertThat(event.response).isNull()
    assertThat(event.t).isSameAs(t)
  }

  fun assertFailure(

    assertEquals("The dead event should wrap the original event.", EVENT, events.get(0).getEvent());
  }

  public void testDeadEventPosting() {
    GhostCatcher catcher = new GhostCatcher();
    bus.register(catcher);

    bus.post(new DeadEvent(this, EVENT));

    List<DeadEvent> events = catcher.getEvents();
    assertEquals("The explicit DeadEvent should be delivered.", 1, events.size());

  }

  /**
   * Enqueues an event to be run on currently known listeners.
   *
   * <p>The {@code toString} method of the Event itself will be used to describe the event in the
   * case of an error.
   *
   * @param event the callback to execute on {@link #dispatch}
   */
  public void enqueue(Event<L> event) {
    enqueueHelper(event, event);
  }

  /**

   * identifier} as the bus's name for logging purposes.
   *
   * @param identifier short name for the bus, for logging purposes.
   * @param executor Executor to use to dispatch events. It is the caller's responsibility to shut
   *     down the executor after the last event has been posted to this event bus.
   */
  public AsyncEventBus(String identifier, Executor executor) {