}

  // Node sets are the same, but edge sets differ.
  @Test
  public void equivalent_edgeSetsDiffer() {
    network.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    MutableNetwork<Integer, String> g2 = createNetwork(edgeType);
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E13);

    assertThat(network).isNotEqualTo(g2);
  }

  // Node/edge sets are the same, but node/edge connections differ due to edge type.
  @Test

  }

  // Node sets are the same, but edge sets differ.
  @Test
  public void equivalent_edgeSetsDiffer() {
    network.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    MutableNetwork<Integer, String> g2 = createNetwork(edgeType);
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E13);

    assertThat(network).isNotEqualTo(g2);
  }

  // Node/edge sets are the same, but node/edge connections differ due to edge type.
  @Test

Just functions that look the same as the *path operation functions*.

But still, it is very powerful, and allows you to declare arbitrarily deeply nested dependency "graphs" (trees).

/// tip

All this might not seem as useful with these simple examples.

But you will see how useful it is in the chapters about **security**.

And you will also see the amounts of code it will save you.

    /**
     * Gets the decrypted proxies.
     *
     * @return The decrypted proxy, can be empty but never {@code null}.
     */
    List<Proxy> getProxies();

    /**
     * Gets the problems that were encountered during the settings decryption.
     *
     * @return The problems that were encountered during the decryption, can be empty but never {@code null}.
     */
    List<SettingsProblem> getProblems();

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2] *}

### Edit it { #edit-it }

It's a very simple program.

But now imagine that you were writing it from scratch.

At some point you would have started the definition of the function, you had the parameters ready...

But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper case".

Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

				t.Fatalf("Preload user %v pets should be %v, but got %+v", u.Name, u.Pets, result.Pets)
			}
			if len(result.Friends) != len(u.Friends) {
				t.Fatalf("Preload user %v pets should be %v, but got %+v", u.Name, u.Pets, result.Pets)
			}
		} else if len(result.Pets) != 5 || len(result.Friends) == 0 {
			t.Fatalf("Preload user %v pets should be 5, but got %+v", result.Name, result.Pets)
		}

* `compresslevel` - Used during GZip compression. It is an integer ranging from 1 to 9. Defaults to `9`. Lower value results in faster compression but larger file sizes, while higher value results in slower compression but smaller file sizes.

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

There are many other ASGI middlewares.

For example:

				}
			})

			if len(gots) != len(test.wants) {
				t.Fatalf("Expected %d objects but got %d", len(test.wants), len(gots))
			}
			if slices.CompareFunc(gots, test.wants, func(g, w ObjectInfo) int {
				if g.VersionID == w.VersionID {
					return 0
				}
				return -1
			}) != 0 {
				t.Fatalf("Expected %v but got %v", test.wants, gots)
			}
			// verify the objects to be deleted
			close(workers[0])

        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic).
          required: true
        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
          required: true
        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [ReDoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc).
          required: true

### Required, can be `None` { #required-can-be-none }

You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.

To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but simply do not declare a default value:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py hl[9] *}