// Verify error message is clear and helpful
            assertNotNull(exception.getMessage());
            assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("Expected structureSize = 4"));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle zero structure size")
        void testZeroStructureSize() {
            // Given

        assertEquals(SmbException.getStatusByCode(-1), e.getNtStatus());
        assertEquals(SmbException.getMessageByCode(-1), e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void zeroCodeProducesSuccess() {
        SmbAuthException e = new SmbAuthException(0);
        assertEquals("NT_STATUS_SUCCESS", e.getMessage());
        assertEquals(SmbException.getStatusByCode(0), e.getNtStatus());
    }

    void defaultConstructor_behavesAsExpected() {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException();

        // Assert state
        assertNull(ex.getMessage(), "Default constructor should have null message");
        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");
        assertTrue(ex instanceof CIFSException, "Should be a CIFSException subtype");

            assertTrue("Error message should contain encoding information", e.getMessage().contains("encoding"));
            assertTrue("Error message should contain the specific encoding", e.getMessage().contains(customEncoding));
            assertTrue("Error message should indicate extraction failure", e.getMessage().contains("Failed to extract"));
        } finally {
            // Reset to default encoding

        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(256);
        buf.append(cause.getMessage()).append(" : [");
        SQLException next = cause.getNextException();
        while (next != null) {
            buf.append(MessageFormatter.getSimpleMessage("ECL0071", next.getMessage(), Integer.toString(next.getErrorCode()),
                    next.getSQLState())).append("], [");

        } else {
            message = "Mojo execution failed";
        }

        if (cause != null && cause.getMessage() != null && !cause.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
            message += ": " + cause.getMessage();
        } else {
            message += ".";
        }

        return message;
    }

        DcerpcException exception = new DcerpcException(errorCode);

        assertEquals(errorCode, exception.getErrorCode(), "Error code should match the input.");
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("DCERPC_FAULT_ACCESS_DENIED"),
                "Message should contain the corresponding fault message.");
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor DcerpcException(int error) with an unknown error code.
     */

        // Act & Assert: calling release without prior acquire drops usage below zero
        RuntimeException ex = assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, trace::release);
        assertTrue(ex.getMessage() != null && ex.getMessage().contains("Usage count dropped below zero"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getTreeId(): no tree returns -1")
    void getTreeId_noTree_returnsMinusOne() {
        // Arrange

        PACDecodingException exception = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new PacCredentialType(null));
        assertEquals("Invalid PAC credential type", exception.getMessage());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the constructor with a byte array that is too large.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithDataTooLarge() {

        byte[] emptyToken = new byte[0];
        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosTicket(emptyToken, (byte) 0, keys));
        assertEquals("Empty kerberos ticket", e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructorWithMalformedToken() {
        // Test that PACDecodingException is thrown for a malformed token
        byte[] malformedToken = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 };