assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");
        assertTrue(ex instanceof CIFSException, "Should be a CIFSException subtype");

        // Assert throwing/catching behavior with assertThrows
        SMBProtocolDecodingException thrown = assertThrows(SMBProtocolDecodingException.class, () -> {
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException();

        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Cause should be null by default");
        assertNull(ex.getRootCause(), "Root cause should be null by default");
        assertTrue(ex instanceof SmbException, "Should be an SmbException subtype");
    }

    /**
     * Ensures the exception is thrown and captured via assertThrows with the right message.
     */
    @Test
    void assertThrowsCapturesExceptionAndMessage() {
        // Act & Assert

        assertNull(ex.getMessage(), "Default ctor should not set a message");
        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Default ctor should not set a cause");
        assertTrue(ex instanceof SmbException, "Should be an SmbException subtype");
        // SmbException default ctor leaves status 0, which equals NT_STATUS_SUCCESS
        assertEquals(NtStatus.NT_STATUS_SUCCESS, ex.getNtStatus(), "Default status should be success (0)");
    }

With **FastAPI**, you can define, validate, document, and use arbitrarily deeply nested models (thanks to Pydantic).

## List fields { #list-fields }

You can define an attribute to be a subtype. For example, a Python `list`:

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py hl[12] *}

This will make `tags` be a list, although it doesn't declare the type of the elements of the list.

        String result = StringUtil.join(",", "z", "y", "x", "w", "v");
        assertEquals("z,y,x,w,v", result);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle delimiter as CharSequence subtype")
    void testJoinWithCharSequenceDelimiter() {
        StringBuilder delimiter = new StringBuilder(" | ");
        String result = StringUtil.join(delimiter, "one", "two");
        assertEquals("one | two", result);

                assertTrue(SmbSession.class.isAssignableFrom((Class<?>) unwrapMethod.getReturnType()),
                        "unwrap method should return SmbSession or subtype");
            }, "unwrap(Class) method should be properly defined");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle unwrap with SmbSession type")
        void shouldHandleUnwrapWithSmbSessionType() {

  <mime-type type="application/msword2">
    <!-- Pre-OLE2, not a subtype of application/x-tika-msoffice -->
    <_comment>Microsoft Word 2 Document</_comment>
    <magic priority="50">
      <match value="0x9ba5" type="string" />
      <match value="0xdba5" type="string" />
    </magic>
  </mime-type>
  <mime-type type="application/msword5">
    <!-- Pre-OLE2, not a subtype of application/x-tika-msoffice -->

}

// getSigningKey hmac seed to calculate final signature.
func getSigningKey(secretKey string, t time.Time, region string, stype serviceType) []byte {
	date := sumHMAC([]byte("AWS4"+secretKey), []byte(t.Format(yyyymmdd)))
	regionBytes := sumHMAC(date, []byte(region))
	service := sumHMAC(regionBytes, []byte(stype))
	signingKey := sumHMAC(service, []byte("aws4_request"))
	return signingKey
}

}

func reqSignatureV4Verify(r *http.Request, region string, stype serviceType) (s3Error APIErrorCode) {
	sha256sum := getContentSha256Cksum(r, stype)
	switch {
	case isRequestSignatureV4(r):
		return doesSignatureMatch(sha256sum, r, region, stype)
	case isRequestPresignedSignatureV4(r):
		return doesPresignedSignatureMatch(sha256sum, r, region, stype)
	default:
		return ErrAccessDenied
	}
}

// input to list only active batch jobs of 'jobType'
func (a adminAPIHandlers) ListBatchJobs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	ctx := r.Context()

	objectAPI, _ := validateAdminReq(ctx, w, r, policy.ListBatchJobsAction)
	if objectAPI == nil {
		return
	}

	jobType := r.Form.Get("jobType")

	resultCh := make(chan itemOrErr[ObjectInfo])