assertNull(deserialized.getMessage());
        assertNull(deserialized.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly maintained
        DictionaryExpiredException exception = new DictionaryExpiredException();
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertNotNull(stackTrace);

 * repositories.</p>
 *
 * <p>There are several types of remote repositories:</p><ul>
 * <li><dfn>Central Repository</dfn>: The default remote repository used by Maven. It is a large, publicly accessible repository maintained by the Maven community at https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2. Most common Java libraries and frameworks are hosted here.</li>

 * session events and their originating operations in the application code. The trace structure
 * supports the following key features:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Maintains parent-child relationships between requests to track operation nesting</li>
 *   <li>Carries contextual data describing the current request or operation</li>

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * A chain of {@link ReadingConverter} implementations that applies each converter in sequence to generate possible reading variations of a given text.
 * It maintains a list of ReadingConverter instances and iterates through them, applying each converter to the input text and accumulating the results.
 * The chain stops processing when the maximum number of readings is reached.
 */

 * This class handles URL conversion based on duplicate host rules, allowing multiple
 * hostnames or URLs to be treated as equivalent for crawling and indexing purposes.
 * It maintains a list of DuplicateHost rules and applies them to URLs.
 *
 */
public class DuplicateHostHelper {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(DuplicateHostHelper.class);

            notification.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

            // Verify state is maintained through multiple toString calls
            String firstToString = notification.toString();
            String secondToString = notification.toString();
            assertEquals(firstToString, secondToString);

            // Verify state is maintained after write operation
            notification.writeBytesWireFormat(new byte[64], 0);

            assertFalse(result.contains("</plugins></pluginManagement>"), "Should not have malformed closing tags");

            // Check that proper indentation is maintained
            assertTrue(result.contains("    <build>"), "Build element should be properly indented");
            assertTrue(result.contains("        <plugins>"), "Plugins element should be properly indented");

        // Verify no interactions happened with the mocked cause during construction/access
        verifyNoInteractions(mockCause);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Cause-only constructor with null: null cause maintained")
    void causeOnlyConstructor_acceptsNull() {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException((Throwable) null);

        // Assert

import java.util.TreeMap;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Standard implementation of {@link ValueGraph} that supports the options supplied by {@link
 * AbstractGraphBuilder}.
 *
 * <p>This class maintains a map of nodes to {@link GraphConnections}.
 *
 * <p>Collection-returning accessors return unmodifiable views: the view returned will reflect
 * changes to the graph (if the graph is mutable) but may not be modified by the user.

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * A factory class for managing and creating crawler clients based on URL patterns.
 * This class implements AutoCloseable to properly handle resource cleanup.
 *
 * <p>The factory maintains a map of regular expression patterns to crawler clients,
 * allowing for URL-based client selection. Clients can be added with specific patterns
 * and optionally at specific positions in the processing order.</p>
 *