它们处在某种意义上的“对立端”，彼此互补。

Requests 设计非常简单直观，易于使用，且有合理的默认值。同时它也非常强大、可定制。

这就是为什么，正如其官网所说：

> Requests 是有史以来下载量最高的 Python 包之一

它的用法非常简单。例如，进行一次 `GET` 请求，你会这样写：

```Python
response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url")
```

对应地，FastAPI 的 API 路径操作可能看起来是这样的：

```Python hl_lines="1"
@app.get("/some/url")
def read_url():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}
```

```JSON
{"item_id":3}
```

/// check | Ek bilgi

Dikkat edin: fonksiyonunuzun aldığı (ve döndürdüğü) değer olan `3`, string `"3"` değil, bir Python `int`'idir.

Yani, bu tip tanımıyla birlikte **FastAPI** size otomatik request "<dfn title="HTTP request'ten gelen string'i Python verisine dönüştürme">ayrıştırma</dfn>" sağlar.

///

## Veri Doğrulama { #data-validation }

[Python Tiplerine Giriş](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations) içinde `Annotated` ile parametrelerinize metadata ekleyebileceğinizi söylemiştim, hatırlıyor musunuz?

Şimdi bunu FastAPI ile kullanmanın zamanı. 🚀

Şu tip anotasyonuna sahiptik:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Şimdi bunu `Annotated` ile saracağız; şöyle olacak:

![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)

### 現代 Python { #just-modern-python }

這一切都基於標準的 **Python 型別**宣告（感謝 Pydantic）。無需學習新的語法，只需使用標準的現代 Python。

如果你需要 2 分鐘來學習如何使用 Python 型別（即使你不使用 FastAPI），可以看看這個簡短的教學：[Python 型別](python-types.md)。

如果你寫帶有 Python 型別的程式碼：

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

# 宣告一個變數為 string

    - name: Dump GitHub context
      env:
        GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
      run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
        python-version-file: ".python-version"
    - name: Setup uv
      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
      with:
        enable-cache: true
        cache-dependency-glob: |
            pyproject.toml

You can define files to be uploaded by the client using `File`.

/// info

To receive uploaded files, first install [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md), activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

This is because uploaded files are sent as "form data".

///

/// info | Informação

Para receber arquivos enviados, primeiro instale [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Garanta que você criou um [ambiente virtual](../virtual-environments.md), o ativou e então o instalou, por exemplo:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

Isso é necessário, visto que os arquivos enviados são enviados como "dados de formulário".

///

Pydantic 使用：

* [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) - 用于 email 校验。

Starlette 使用：

* [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org) - 使用 `TestClient` 时需要。
* [`jinja2`](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com) - 使用默认模板配置时需要。
* [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart) - 使用 `request.form()` 支持表单<dfn title="将 HTTP 请求中的字符串转换为 Python 数据">「解析」</dfn>时需要。

FastAPI 使用：

/// info

Pour recevoir des fichiers téléversés, installez d'abord [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Assurez-vous de créer un [environnement virtuel](../virtual-environments.md), de l'activer, puis d'installer le paquet, par exemple :

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

C'est parce que les fichiers téléversés sont envoyés en « données de formulaire ».

///

/// info | Información

Para recibir archivos subidos, primero instala [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Asegúrate de crear un [entorno virtual](../virtual-environments.md), activarlo y luego instalarlo, por ejemplo:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

Esto es porque los archivos subidos se envían como "form data".

///