throws IOException {
    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
    try (OutputStream encodingStream = encoding.encodingStream(writer)) {
      encodingStream.write(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8));
    }
    assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo(encoded);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Reader
  private static void testStreamingDecodes(BaseEncoding encoding, String encoded, String decoded)
      throws IOException {

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    Writer writer = new AppendableWriter(builder);

    writer.write("Hello".toCharArray());
    writer.write(',');
    writer.write(0xBEEF0020); // only lower 16 bits are important
    writer.write("Wo");
    writer.write("Whirled".toCharArray(), 3, 2);
    writer.write("Mad! Mad, I say", 2, 2);

    assertEquals("Hello, World!", builder.toString());
  }

  }

  public void testNullWriter() throws Exception {
    // create a null writer
    Writer nullWriter = CharStreams.nullWriter();
    // write to the writer
    nullWriter.write('n');
    String test = "Test string for NullWriter";
    nullWriter.write(test);
    nullWriter.write(test, 2, 10);
    nullWriter.append(null);
    nullWriter.append(null, 0, 4);

  }

  public void testNullWriter() throws Exception {
    // create a null writer
    Writer nullWriter = CharStreams.nullWriter();
    // write to the writer
    nullWriter.write('n');
    String test = "Test string for NullWriter";
    nullWriter.write(test);
    nullWriter.write(test, 2, 10);
    nullWriter.append(null);
    nullWriter.append(null, 0, 4);

    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a Writer that sends all output to the given {@link Appendable} target. Closing the
   * writer will close the target if it is {@link Closeable}, and flushing the writer will flush the
   * target if it is {@link java.io.Flushable}.
   *
   * @param target the object to which output will be sent
   * @return a new Writer object, unless target is a Writer, in which case the target is returned
   */

class AppendableWriter extends Writer {
  private final Appendable target;
  private boolean closed;

  /**
   * Creates a new writer that appends everything it writes to {@code target}.
   *
   * @param target target to which to append output
   */
  AppendableWriter(Appendable target) {
    this.target = checkNotNull(target);
  }

  /*
   * Abstract methods from Writer
   */

  @Override

    Writer writer = sink.openStream();
    try {
      writer.write(data);
    } finally {
      writer.close();
    }

    assertContainsExpectedString();
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {
    Writer writer = sink.openBufferedStream();
    try {
      writer.write(data);
    } finally {
      writer.close();
    }

    public CharSink createSink() throws IOException {
      File file = createFile();
      if (initialString != null) {
        Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), Charsets.UTF_8);
        try {
          writer.write(initialString);
        } finally {
          writer.close();
        }
        return Files.asCharSink(file, Charsets.UTF_8, FileWriteMode.APPEND);
      }

    Reader reader = source.openStream();

    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
    char[] buf = new char[64];
    int read;
    while ((read = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
      writer.write(buf, 0, read);
    }
    reader.close();
    writer.close();

    assertExpectedString(writer.toString());
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {

      throws IOException {
    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
    try (OutputStream encodingStream = encoding.encodingStream(writer)) {
      encodingStream.write(decoded.getBytes(UTF_8));
    }
    assertThat(writer.toString()).isEqualTo(encoded);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Reader
  private static void testStreamingDecodes(BaseEncoding encoding, String encoded, String decoded)
      throws IOException {