client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_get_no_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"}


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/plumbus")

您可以向路径操作装饰器传递参数 `responses` 。

它接收一个 `dict`，键是每个响应的状态代码（如`200`），值是包含每个响应信息的其他 `dict`。

每个响应字典都可以有一个关键模型，其中包含一个 `Pydantic` 模型，就像 `response_model` 一样。

**FastAPI**将采用该模型，生成其`JSON Schema`并将其包含在`OpenAPI`中的正确位置。

例如，要声明另一个具有状态码 `404` 和`Pydantic`模型 `Message` 的响应，可以写：
```Python hl_lines="18  22"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
```


!!! Note
	请记住，您必须直接返回 `JSONResponse` 。

!!! Info
	`model` 密钥不是OpenAPI的一部分。

    response = client.post("/users/rick")
    assert response.status_code == 405, response.text


def test_invalid_path_doesnt_match():
    response = client.post("/usersx/rick")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text


def test_websocket():
    with client.websocket_connect("/items/portal-gun") as websocket:
        data = websocket.receive_json()

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
def test_get_no_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"}


@needs_py39
def test_owner_error(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/plumbus")

client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/", 200, {"message": "Hello World"}),
        ("/nonexistent", 404, {"detail": "Not Found"}),
    ],
)
def test_get_path(path, expected_status, expected_response):
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_get_no_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"}


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/plumbus")

    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header()):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:

The status codes in the 400 range mean that there was an error from the client.

Remember all those **"404 Not Found"** errors (and jokes)?

## Use `HTTPException`

To return HTTP responses with errors to the client you use `HTTPException`.

### Import `HTTPException`

```Python hl_lines="1"

    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:

Os status codes na faixa dos 400 significam que houve um erro por parte do cliente.

Você se lembra de todos aqueles erros (e piadas) a respeito do "**404 Not Found**"?

## Use o `HTTPException`

Para retornar ao cliente *responses* HTTP com erros, use o `HTTPException`.

### Import `HTTPException`

```Python hl_lines="1"