# Body - Fields { #body-fields }

The same way you can declare additional validation and metadata in *path operation function* parameters with `Query`, `Path` and `Body`, you can declare validation and metadata inside of Pydantic models using Pydantic's `Field`.

## Import `Field` { #import-field }

First, you have to import it:

{* ../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[4] *}


/// warning

 * Access to the `Connection` that carries the request.

### Rewriting Requests

Interceptors can add, remove, or replace request headers. They can also transform the body of those requests that have one. For example, you can use an application interceptor to add request body compression if you're connecting to a webserver known to support it.

```java

::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect.HTTPSRedirectMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python

   * {@code throws} clause: Some such methods can in fact throw a checked exception (e.g., by
   * calling code written in Kotlin).) Typically, we want to let a {@link Throwable} from such a
   * method propagate untouched, just as we'd typically let it do for a non-reflective call.
   * However, we can't usually write {@code throw t;} when {@code t} has a static type of {@link
   * Throwable}. But we <i>can</i> write {@code sneakyThrow(t);}.
   *

   * {@code throws} clause: Some such methods can in fact throw a checked exception (e.g., by
   * calling code written in Kotlin).) Typically, we want to let a {@link Throwable} from such a
   * method propagate untouched, just as we'd typically let it do for a non-reflective call.
   * However, we can't usually write {@code throw t;} when {@code t} has a static type of {@link
   * Throwable}. But we <i>can</i> write {@code sneakyThrow(t);}.
   *

# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc.

There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,

var (
	D        MultiFlag
	I        MultiFlag
	PrintOut int
	DebugV   bool
)

func init() {
	flag.Var(&D, "D", "predefined symbol with optional simple value -D=identifier=value; can be set multiple times")
	flag.Var(&I, "I", "include directory; can be set multiple times")
	flag.BoolVar(&DebugV, "v", false, "print debug output")
	flag.Var(objabi.NewDebugFlag(&DebugFlags, nil), "d", "enable debugging settings; try -d help")

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> ImmutableRangeMap.of().span());
  }

  public void testSpanSingleRange() {
    for (Range<Integer> range : RANGES) {
      RangeMap<Integer, Integer> rangemap =
          ImmutableRangeMap.<Integer, Integer>builder().put(range, 1).build();
      assertEquals(range, rangemap.span());
    }
  }

  public void testSpanTwoRanges() {

plugins: forked-1.1.3, xdist-1.31.0, cov-2.8.1
collected 6 items

---> 100%

test_main.py <span style="color: green; white-space: pre;">......                            [100%]</span>

<span style="color: green;">================= 1 passed in 0.03s =================</span>
```