But remember that when you import `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, and others from `fastapi`, those are actually functions that return special classes.

///

/// info

To declare headers, you need to use `Header`, because otherwise the parameters would be interpreted as query parameters.

///

## Automatic conversion { #automatic-conversion }

 * appropriate primitive specialization such as {@code IntPredicate}) instead whenever possible.
 * Otherwise, at least reduce <i>explicit</i> dependencies on this type by using lambda expressions
 * or method references instead of classes, leaving your code easier to migrate in the future.
 *
 * <p>To use a reference of this type (say, named {@code guavaPredicate}) in a context where {@code
 * java.util.function.Predicate} is expected, use the method reference {@code

    }

    if (uncaughtThrowable != null) {
      throw new AssertionError("Uncaught throwable in " + getName(), uncaughtThrowable);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Causes this thread to call the named void method, and asserts that the call returns normally.
   */
  public void callAndAssertReturns(String methodName, Object... arguments) throws Exception {
    checkNotNull(methodName);

        // We only need "failureaccess" of Guava's dependencies
        applyRule<KeepDependenciesByNameRule>("com.google.guava:guava", setOf("failureaccess"))

        // We only need a few utility classes of this module
        applyRule<DependencyRemovalByNameRule>("jcifs:jcifs", setOf("servlet-api"))

        // Bsh moved coordinates. Depend on the new coordinates.

    assertThat(types.rawTypes()).contains(Object.class);
    assertThat(types.interfaces()).isEmpty();
    assertThat(types.interfaces().rawTypes()).isEmpty();
    assertThat(types.classes()).contains(TypeToken.of(Object.class));
    assertThat(types.classes().rawTypes()).contains(Object.class);
  }

  public void testGetTypes_fromInterface() {
    TypeToken<Interface1>.TypeSet types = new TypeToken<Interface1>() {}.getTypes();

A middleware doesn't have to be made for FastAPI or Starlette to work, as long as it follows the ASGI spec.

In general, ASGI middlewares are classes that expect to receive an ASGI app as the first argument.

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

      if (lastDollarSign != -1) {
        String innerClassName = className.substring(lastDollarSign + 1);
        // local and anonymous classes are prefixed with number (1,2,3...), anonymous classes are
        // entirely numeric whereas local classes have the user supplied name as a suffix
        return CharMatcher.inRange('0', '9').trimLeadingFrom(innerClassName);
      }
      String packageName = getPackageName();

Not all client code is compiled with NullAway.
Do not make a parameter `@Nullable` just to check and throw a `NullPointerException` when it is `null`. 

## Consequences

* Classes are forced to have consistent nullability annotations.
* IDE warnings become more accurate, reducing warnings fatigue.
* Public API nullability annotations become closer to reality.

Si vous vérifiez l'application précédente, dans l'UI vous pouvez voir que, jusqu'à présent, elle laisse le client décider de l'`id` du `Hero` à créer. 😱

Nous ne devrions pas laisser cela se produire, ils pourraient écraser un `id` que nous avons déjà attribué dans la base. Décider de l'`id` doit être fait par le **backend** ou la **base**, **pas par le client**.

```

////

Using `str | None` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detect errors where you could be assuming that a value is always a `str`, when it could actually be `None` too.

### Classes as types { #classes-as-types }

You can also declare a class as the type of a variable.

Let's say you have a class `Person`, with a name:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010_py310.py hl[1:3] *}