to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you

   * <ul>
   *   <li>The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain
   *       the same.
   *   <li>The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
   *   <li>The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
   *   <li>The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&amp;", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", and "=" remain
   *       the same.
   *   <li>The space character " " is converted into %20.

   * <ul>
   *   <li>The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain
   *       the same.
   *   <li>The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
   *   <li>The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
   *   <li>The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&amp;", "'", "(", ")", "*", "+", ",", ";", and "=" remain
   *       the same.
   *   <li>The space character " " is converted into %20.

    }

    // returns the minimum x such as x >= a && (x % b) == 0
    private static int ceilToMultiple(int a, int b) {
      int remainder = a % b;
      return remainder == 0 ? a : a + b - remainder;
    }

    void assertBytes(byte[] expected) {
      byte[] got = out.toByteArray();
      for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
        assertEquals(expected[i], got[i]);

    }

    // returns the minimum x such as x >= a && (x % b) == 0
    private static int ceilToMultiple(int a, int b) {
      int remainder = a % b;
      return remainder == 0 ? a : a + b - remainder;
    }

    void assertBytes(byte[] expected) {
      byte[] got = out.toByteArray();
      for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
        assertEquals(expected[i], got[i]);

        Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("root cause");

        // Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException(null, cause);

        // Assert - null message retained; cause preserved
        assertNull(ex.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
        assertEquals(SMBProtocolDowngradeException.class.getName(), ex.toString());
    }

    @Test

        assertFalse(renewed, "renewCredentials should return false when renewable credentials are not renewed");
        assertEquals(mockRenewableCredentials, wrapper.getCredentials(), "Credentials should remain unchanged if renew() returns null");
        verify(mockRenewableCredentials).renew();
    }

    @Test

   - Reference related issues (e.g., “Closes #1234”).
   - Notify team members via GitHub `@mentions` if urgent or complex.

## Reviewing PRs

Reviewers ensure MinIO’s commit history remains a clear, reliable record. Responsibilities include:

1. **Commit Quality**:
   - Verify each commit explains *why* the change was made (e.g., “So that…”).

	// normally be visible to the outside. As such, this loop iterates through
	// one or more "header files" until it finds a "normal file".
	format := FormatUSTAR | FormatPAX | FormatGNU
	for {
		// Discard the remainder of the file and any padding.
		if err := discard(tr.r, tr.curr.physicalRemaining()); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if _, err := tryReadFull(tr.r, tr.blk[:tr.pad]); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Payload Handling Tests")
    class PayloadHandlingTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle response with retained payload")
        void testHaveResponseWithRetainedPayload() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            byte[] buffer = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            response.setRetainPayload(true);