// Then
        assertEquals(CRYPTO_ERROR_MESSAGE, exception.getMessage(), "Crypto message should be preserved");
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause(), "Crypto cause should be preserved");
    }

    @DisplayName("Message-only constructor: preserves provided message; null cause")
    void messageOnlyConstructor_preservesMessage(String message) {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException(message);

        // Assert message and cause
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage(), "Message should be preserved as provided");

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Message-only ctor preserves message: [{0}]")
    @MethodSource("messages")
    void messageConstructor_setsMessageAndNullCause(String message) {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException(message);

        // Assert - message preserved, cause null
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());

   * the XML specification.
   *
   * <p>This escaper does not escape non-ASCII characters to their numeric character references
   * (NCR). Any non-ASCII characters appearing in the input will be preserved in the output.
   * Specifically "\r" (carriage return) is preserved in the output, which may result in it being
   * silently converted to "\n" when the XML is parsed.
   *
   * <p>This escaper does not treat surrogate pairs specially and does not perform Unicode

        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> new NegTokenTarg(bad), "Malformed byte[] should cause IOException");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("mechanism token empty array – preserved after round‑trip")
    void testEmptyMechanismToken() throws IOException {
        NegTokenTarg nt = new NegTokenTarg();
        nt.setResult(NegTokenTarg.REQUEST_MIC);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("parseURL: explicit port is preserved")
    void testParseURL_ExplicitPortPreserved() throws MalformedURLException {
        // Arrange & Act
        Handler handler = newHandler();
        URL url = new URL(null, "smb://server:1234/share", handler);

        // Assert
        assertEquals(1234, url.getPort(), "Explicit port should be preserved");
        assertEquals("smb", url.getProtocol());
    }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SERIALIZABLE)
  public void testReserialize() {
    // For a bare Collection, the most we can guarantee is that the elements are preserved.
    assertEqualIgnoringOrder(actualContents(), SerializableTester.reserialize(actualContents()));
  }

        return parent.child(name).orElse(null);
    }

    /**
     * Serializes a domtrip Document to XML string with preserved formatting.
     *
     * @param document the domtrip Document
     * @return the XML string with preserved formatting
     *
     */
    public static String toXml(Document document) {
        Editor editor = new Editor(document);
        return editor.toXml();

        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly preserved
        String message = "GSA error with stack trace";
        Throwable cause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        GsaConfigException exception = new GsaConfigException(message, cause);

      }
      return result
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `expected` and `observed` are equal when viewed as a set and headers are
     * deduped.
     *
     * TODO: See if duped headers should be preserved on decode and verify.
     */
    private fun assertSetEquals(
      message: String,
      expected: List<Header>,
      observed: List<Header>,
    ) {
      assertThat(LinkedHashSet(observed), message)