// Then
        assertEquals(CRYPTO_ERROR_MESSAGE, exception.getMessage(), "Crypto message should be preserved");
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause(), "Crypto cause should be preserved");
    }

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Message-only ctor preserves message: [{0}]")
    @MethodSource("messages")
    void messageConstructor_setsMessageAndNullCause(String message) {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException(message);

        // Assert - message preserved, cause null
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());

    @DisplayName("Message-only constructor: preserves provided message; null cause")
    void messageOnlyConstructor_preservesMessage(String message) {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException(message);

        // Assert message and cause
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage(), "Message should be preserved as provided");

        assertThrows(IOException.class, () -> new NegTokenTarg(bad), "Malformed byte[] should cause IOException");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("mechanism token empty array – preserved after round‑trip")
    void testEmptyMechanismToken() throws IOException {
        NegTokenTarg nt = new NegTokenTarg();
        nt.setResult(NegTokenTarg.REQUEST_MIC);

   * the XML specification.
   *
   * <p>This escaper does not escape non-ASCII characters to their numeric character references
   * (NCR). Any non-ASCII characters appearing in the input will be preserved in the output.
   * Specifically "\r" (carriage return) is preserved in the output, which may result in it being
   * silently converted to "\n" when the XML is parsed.
   *
   * <p>This escaper does not treat surrogate pairs specially and does not perform Unicode

        assertTrue(ts.contains(ex.getMessage()), "toString should contain the detail message");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Message preserved: [{0}]")
    @MethodSource("messages")
    @DisplayName("Message constructor preserves provided messages, including null/edge cases")
    void messageConstructor_preservesMessage(String msg) {
        // Arrange & Act

		},
		// Non parsable ip is assumed to be hostame and gets preserved
		// as the left most elements, regardless of IP based sorting.
		{
			ipList:       []string{"hostname", "127.0.0.1", "192.168.1.106"},
			sortedIPList: []string{"hostname", "192.168.1.106", "127.0.0.1"},
		},
		// Non parsable ip is assumed to be hostname, with a mixed input of ip and hostname.
		// gets preserved and moved into left most elements, regardless of

        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly preserved
        String message = "GSA error with stack trace";
        Throwable cause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        GsaConfigException exception = new GsaConfigException(message, cause);

 * URLs using these rules.</p>
 *
 * <p>The conversion is performed by iterating through the conversion map and applying
 * each replacement rule sequentially. The order of the rules in the map is preserved
 * during the conversion process.</p>
 *
 * <p>Example usage:</p>
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * UrlConvertHelper helper = new UrlConvertHelper();
 * helper.add("old-domain.com", "new-domain.com");

    @Test
    @DisplayName("parseURL: explicit port is preserved")
    void testParseURL_ExplicitPortPreserved() throws MalformedURLException {
        // Arrange & Act
        Handler handler = newHandler();
        URL url = new URL(null, "smb://server:1234/share", handler);

        // Assert
        assertEquals(1234, url.getPort(), "Explicit port should be preserved");
        assertEquals("smb", url.getProtocol());
    }