"token_type": "Bearer",
  "expires_in": 3600
}
```

### 4. JWT Claims

The id_token received is a signed JSON Web Token (JWT). Use a JWT decoder to decode the id_token to access the payload of the token that includes following JWT claims:

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_response():
    response = client.get("/a")
    assert response.status_code == 204, response.text
    assert "content-length" not in response.headers
    assert response.content == b""


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

Pero puedes devolver un `JSONResponse` directamente desde tus *path operations*.

Esto podría ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver headers o cookies personalizados.

## Devolver una `Response` { #return-a-response }

De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de ella.

/// tip | Consejo

*   Unified eager and `tf.function` execution:

    *   Eager mode can now execute each op as a `tf.function`, allowing for more
        consistent feature support in future releases.
    *   It is available for immediate use.
        *   See the `TF_RUN_EAGER_OP_AS_FUNCTION` environment variable in

# OAuth2 com Senha (e hashing), Bearer com tokens JWT { #oauth2-with-password-and-hashing-bearer-with-jwt-tokens }

Agora que temos todo o fluxo de segurança, vamos tornar a aplicação realmente segura, usando tokens <abbr title="JSON Web Tokens">JWT</abbr> e hashing de senhas seguras.

Este código é algo que você pode realmente usar na sua aplicação, salvar os hashes das senhas no seu banco de dados, etc.

Vamos começar de onde paramos no capítulo anterior e incrementá-lo.

If you are running your container behind a TLS Termination Proxy (load balancer) like Nginx or Traefik, add the option `--proxy-headers`, this will tell Uvicorn (through the FastAPI CLI) to trust the headers sent by that proxy telling it that the application is running behind HTTPS, etc.

```Dockerfile
CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--proxy-headers", "--port", "80"]
```

#### Docker Cache { #docker-cache }

Und Sie können einige der Dateien als `bytes` und einige als `UploadFile` deklarieren.

/// warning | Achtung

Sie können mehrere `File`- und `Form`-Parameter in einer *Pfadoperation* deklarieren, aber Sie können nicht auch `Body`-Felder deklarieren, die Sie als JSON erwarten, da der Body des <abbr title="Request – Anfrage: Daten, die der Client zum Server sendet">Request</abbr> mittels `multipart/form-data` statt `application/json` kodiert sein wird.

	if w.f != nil {
		if err := w.closeCurrentFile(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

var stdErrEnc = json.NewEncoder(os.Stderr)

func (w *Writer) listen() {
	for {
		var r io.Reader = w.pr
		if w.opts.MaximumFileSize > 0 {
			r = io.LimitReader(w.pr, w.opts.MaximumFileSize)
		}
		if _, err := io.Copy(w.f, r); err != nil {
			msg := fmt.Sprintf("unable to write to log file %v: %v", w.f.Name(), err)

    * 然后它将返回由相应的*路径操作*生成的 `response`.
* 然后你可以在返回 `response` 前进一步修改它.

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py hl[8:9,11,14] *}

/// tip

请记住可以 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">用'X-' 前缀</a>添加专有自定义请求头.

            "input": "plumbus"
        }
    ]
}
```

## 总结

你可以使用 **Pydantic 模型**在 **FastAPI** 中声明**查询参数**。😎

/// tip

剧透警告：你也可以使用 Pydantic 模型来声明 cookie 和 headers，但你将在本教程的后面部分阅读到这部分内容。🤫