assertEquals("", blob.toString(), "toString() should be empty for empty buffer");
    }

    // Ensures set(null) resets the buffer to empty and does not NPE
    @Test
    @DisplayName("set(null) resets to empty")
    void set_null_resetsToEmpty() {
        // Arrange
        SecurityBlob blob = new SecurityBlob(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 });

        // Act

      future.get();
      fail("Expected ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(expectedCause);
    }
  }

  /** invokeAny(null) throws NPE */
  public void testInvokeAnyImpl_nullTasks() throws Exception {
    ListeningExecutorService e = newDirectExecutorService();
    try {
      invokeAnyImpl(e, null, false, 0, NANOSECONDS);
      fail();

      future.get();
      fail("Expected ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(expectedCause);
    }
  }

  /** invokeAny(null) throws NPE */
  public void testInvokeAnyImpl_nullTasks() throws Exception {
    ListeningExecutorService e = newDirectExecutorService();
    try {
      invokeAnyImpl(e, null, false, 0, NANOSECONDS);
      fail();

  public void testConstructor() {
    AtomicDoubleArray aa = new AtomicDoubleArray(SIZE);
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
      assertBitEquals(0.0, aa.get(i));
    }
  }

  /** constructor with null array throws NPE */
  public void testConstructor2NPE() {
    double[] a = null;
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> new AtomicDoubleArray(a));
  }

  /** constructor with array is of same size and has all elements */

        assertEquals(16, hash1.length, "NT hash should be 16 bytes");
        assertEquals(16, hash2.length, "NT hash should be 16 bytes");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getNTHash: null password throws NPE with message")
    void testGetNTHash_null() {
        NullPointerException ex = assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> NtlmUtil.getNTHash((String) null));

        assertEquals(testWindowSize, queryRescorerBuilder.windowSize().intValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_evaluate_withNullParams() {
        // Test with null parameters - should throw NPE due to OpenSearch StoredLtrQueryBuilder requirements
        final String testModelName = "test_model";
        final int testWindowSize = 75;

        ComponentUtil.setFessConfig(new FessConfig.SimpleImpl() {

        assertEquals("Not supported", ex.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Null delegate causes NPE")
    void nullDelegate() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
            new FileEntryAdapterIterator(parent, null, null) {
                @Override

    @DisplayName("run method handles null URL gracefully")
    void testRunWithNullUrl() {
        TestLocking t = new TestLocking();
        t.url = null; // Null URL
        t.numIter = 0; // No iterations to avoid NPE

        // Should not throw exception
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> t.run(), "run() should handle null URL gracefully");
        assertEquals(1, t.numComplete, "numComplete should still be incremented");
    }

        sut.close();

        verify(handle, never()).close(anyLong());
    }

    // Invalid input: constructing with null handle and invoking watch() NPEs
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Null handle causes NPE on watch() (invalid input)")
    void constructor_nullHandle_watch_throwsNPE() {
        SmbWatchHandleImpl sut = new SmbWatchHandleImpl(null, 0, false);

        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {

        verify(dest, times(1)).getAttributes();
        verify(dest, never()).setPathInformation(anyInt(), anyLong(), anyLong(), anyLong());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("openCopyTargetFile throws NPE on null dest (invalid input)")
    void openCopyTargetFile_nullDest_throwsNPE() {
        // Arrange
        SmbFile dest = null;

        // Act + Assert