`item.dict(exclude_unset=True)`のように。

これにより、`item`モデルの作成時に設定されたデータのみを持つ`dict`が生成され、デフォルト値は除外されます。

これを使うことで、デフォルト値を省略して、設定された（リクエストで送られた）データのみを含む`dict`を生成することができます:

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py hl[34] *}

### Pydanticの`update`パラメータ

ここで、`.copy()`を用いて既存のモデルのコピーを作成し、`update`パラメータに更新するデータを含む`dict`を渡すことができます。

`stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data)`のように:

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py hl[35] *}

* 3.1 [Use certgen to Generate a Certificate](#using-go)
* 3.2 [Use OpenSSL to Generate a Certificate](#using-open-ssl)
* 3.3 [Use OpenSSL (with IP address) to Generate a Certificate](#using-open-ssl-with-ip)
* 3.4 [Use GnuTLS (for Windows) to Generate a Certificate](#using-gnu-tls)

**Note:**

* MinIO only supports keys and certificates in PEM format on Linux and Windows.
* MinIO doesn't currently support PFX certificates.

        // Word count
        buffer[32] = 10; // 10 words = 20 bytes

        // Parameter words for transaction response
        // Total parameter count (2 bytes)
        buffer[33] = 0x00;
        buffer[34] = 0x00;

        // Total data count (2 bytes)
        buffer[35] = 0x00;
        buffer[36] = 0x00;

        // Reserved (2 bytes)
        buffer[37] = 0x00;
        buffer[38] = 0x00;

    assertThat(formEncode(31)).isEqualTo("%1F")
    // Browsers use '+' for space.
    assertThat(formEncode(32)).isEqualTo("+")
    assertThat(formEncode(33)).isEqualTo("%21")
    assertThat(formEncode(34)).isEqualTo("%22")
    assertThat(formEncode(35)).isEqualTo("%23")
    assertThat(formEncode(36)).isEqualTo("%24")
    assertThat(formEncode(37)).isEqualTo("%25")
    assertThat(formEncode(38)).isEqualTo("%26")

   * not encompass ranges of the form {@code (v..v)}, because such ranges are <i>invalid</i> and
   * can't be constructed at all.)
   *
   * <p>Note that certain discrete ranges such as the integer range {@code (3..4)} are <b>not</b>
   * considered empty, even though they contain no actual values. In these cases, it may be helpful
   * to preprocess ranges with {@link #canonical(DiscreteDomain)}.
   */
  public boolean isEmpty() {

导入 `Enum` 并创建继承自 `str` 和 `Enum` 的子类。

通过从 `str` 继承，API 文档就能把值的类型定义为**字符串**，并且能正确渲染。

然后，创建包含固定值的类属性，这些固定值是可用的有效值：

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py hl[1,6:9] *}

/// info | 说明

Python 3.4 及之后版本支持<a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/enum.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">枚举（即 enums）</a>。

///

/// tip | 提示

{* ../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py hl[1,6:9] *}

/// info | 정보

<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">열거형(또는 enums)</a>은 파이썬 버전 3.4 이후로 사용 가능합니다.

///

/// tip | 팁

혹시 궁금하다면, "AlexNet", "ResNet", 그리고 "LeNet"은 그저 기계 학습 <abbr title="기술적으로 정확히는 딥 러닝 모델 구조">모델</abbr>들의 이름입니다.

///

### *경로 매개변수* 선언

2.6. Fair Use

This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under
applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other
equivalents.

2.7. Conditions

Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted
in Section 2.1.

3. Responsibilities
-------------------

3.1. Distribution of Source Form

All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any

        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            buffer[i] = (byte) (i % 256);
        }

        // Mock attributes (4 bytes)
        buffer[32] = 0x01;
        buffer[33] = 0x00;
        buffer[34] = 0x00;
        buffer[35] = 0x00;

        return buffer;
    }

    private byte[] createMockFileStandardInfoBuffer() {
        // Create a buffer that represents FileStandardInfo data

		<-cdone
	}
}

// Borrowed from rwmutex_test.go
func TestParallelReaders(t *testing.T) {
	defer runtime.GOMAXPROCS(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1))
	doTestParallelReaders(1, 4)
	doTestParallelReaders(3, 4)
	doTestParallelReaders(4, 2)
}

// Borrowed from rwmutex_test.go
func reader(rwm *LRWMutex, numIterations int, activity *int32, cdone chan bool) {
	for range numIterations {