@Test
    public void test_getMessage_consistency() {
        // Test that getMessage returns consistent results
        String message = "Consistent message";
        JobNotFoundException exception = new JobNotFoundException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage()); // Call twice to verify consistency

        // Verify the complete chain
        assertEquals("Plugin failure", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(level1, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Runtime error", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level2, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid state", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level3, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());

        assertEquals(rootCause, finalException.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Final error", finalException.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Intermediate", intermediateCause.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Root error", rootCause.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should preserve stack trace")
    void testStackTracePreservation() {
        // When

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialVersionUID() {

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Underlying error", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message

        assertEquals(messageCode, exception3Params.getMessageCode());
        assertEquals(message, exception3Params.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception3Params.getCause());

        assertEquals(messageCode, exception2Params.getMessageCode());
        assertEquals(message, exception2Params.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception2Params.getCause());
    }

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with null message and cause
        final JobProcessingException exception = new JobProcessingException(null, null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

        assertEquals("Thumbnail generation error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Processing failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid image format", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialization() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message
        SearchEngineClientException exception = new SearchEngineClientException(null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, ex.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null message and/or cause without throwing")
    void testNullInputs() {
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            SpnegoException ex1 = new SpnegoException((String) null);
            assertNotNull(ex1);
            assertNull(ex1.getMessage());
            assertNull(ex1.getCause());