@app.get("/items-header/{item_id}")
async def read_item_header(item_id: str):
    if item_id not in items:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404,
            detail="Item not found",
            headers={"X-Error": "There goes my error"},
        )

@app.get("/broken")
def broken(d: Annotated[str, Depends(broken_dep)]) -> Any:
    return {"message": "all good?"}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_catching():
    response = client.get("/catching")
    assert response.status_code == 418
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Session error"}


def test_broken_raise():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Broken after yield"):

    user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
):
    db[user_id] = name
    raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid user")


@app.put("/user/{user_id}")
def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
    db[user_id] = name
    return {"message": "OK"}


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def reset_state_and_db():
    global fake_database
    global state

        out.print("<a class=\"sort\" style=\"width: " + maxLen + ";\" href=\"?fmt=detail&sort=name\">Name</a>");
        out.println("<a class=\"sort\" href=\"?fmt=detail&sort=size\">Size</a>");
        out.println("<a class=\"sort\" href=\"?fmt=detail&sort=type\">Type</a>");
        out.println("<a class=\"sort\" style=\"width: 180\" href=\"?fmt=detail&sort=date\">Modified</a><br clear='all'><p>");

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Handles null destination without throwing and returns 0")
        void allowsNullBuffer() {
            // Arrange
            Smb2LogoffResponse resp = newResponse();

            // Act & Assert
            assertEquals(0, resp.writeBytesWireFormat(null, 0), "Should return 0 even with null buffer");
        }
    }

                        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                            "detail": {
                                "title": "Detail",
                                "type": "array",
                                "items": {
                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"

                    return null;
                }

                @Override
                public String getLink() {
                    return null;
                }

                @Override
                public String getServer() {
                    return null;
                }

                @Override
                public String getShare() {
                    return null;

}
```

하지만 클라이언트가 `http://example.com/items/bar`(존재하지 않는 `item_id` `"bar"`)를 요청하면, HTTP 상태 코드 404("not found" 오류)와 다음 JSON 응답을 받습니다:

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip | 팁

`HTTPException`을 발생시킬 때 `detail` 파라미터로 `str`만 전달할 수 있는 것이 아니라, JSON으로 변환할 수 있는 어떤 값이든 전달할 수 있습니다.

`dict`, `list` 등을 전달할 수 있습니다.

이들은 **FastAPI**가 자동으로 처리해 JSON으로 변환합니다.

///

   * @param string the string to test and possibly return
   * @return {@code string} itself if it is non-null; {@code ""} if it is null
   */
  public static String nullToEmpty(@Nullable String string) {
    return Platform.nullToEmpty(string);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the given string if it is nonempty; {@code null} otherwise.
   *
   * @param string the string to test and possibly return

async def custom_http_exception_handler(request, exc):
    print(f"OMG! An HTTP error!: {repr(exc)}")
    return await http_exception_handler(request, exc)


@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
async def validation_exception_handler(request, exc):
    print(f"OMG! The client sent invalid data!: {exc}")
    return await request_validation_exception_handler(request, exc)


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")