// For convenience, testing only with big endianness, to match DataOutputStream.
          // I regard highly unlikely that both the little endianness tests above and this one
          // passes, and there is still a little endianness bug lurking around.
        }
      }

      Control control = new Control();
      Hasher controlSink = control.newHasher(1024);

      Iterable<Hasher> sinksAndControl =

    * ReDoc.

---

Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:

* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.

            StackOverflowError.class,
            e -> e instanceof StackOverflowError);
      }
    };

    // used under GWT, etc., since the override of this method does not exist there
    ImmutableMap<Class<? extends Throwable>, Predicate<Throwable>> exceptions() {
      return ImmutableMap.of();
    }
  }

            StackOverflowError.class,
            e -> e instanceof StackOverflowError);
      }
    };

    // used under GWT, etc., since the override of this method does not exist there
    ImmutableMap<Class<? extends Throwable>, Predicate<Throwable>> exceptions() {
      return ImmutableMap.of();
    }
  }

            StackOverflowError.class,
            e -> e instanceof StackOverflowError);
      }
    };

    // used under GWT, etc., since the override of this method does not exist there
    ImmutableMap<Class<? extends Throwable>, Predicate<Throwable>> exceptions() {
      return ImmutableMap.of();
    }
  }

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

There are many other ASGI middlewares.

For example:

* <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>

// to avoid misleading negative results.
// This makes all the references to os.FileInfo in go1.txt
// be read as if they said fs.FileInfo, since os.FileInfo is now an alias.
// If there are many of these, we could do a more general solution,
// but for now the replacer is fine.
var aliasReplacer = strings.NewReplacer(
	"os.FileInfo", "fs.FileInfo",
	"os.FileMode", "fs.FileMode",
	"os.PathError", "fs.PathError",

   * {@link MoreExecutors#directExecutor}. Normally, when the first future completes, all the other
   * tasks would be called recursively. Here, we detect that the delegate executor is executing
   * inline, and maintain a queue to dispatch tasks iteratively. There is one instance of this class
   * per call to submit() or submitAsync(), and each instance supports only one call to execute().
   *

        #### Utility: compare with alternatives


        There is always *some* alternative to adding a new feature to Guava, even if it's just
        forking Guava yourself.


        We want to see that new features have some significant advantage over the alternatives.
        These advantages can take
        [many forms](https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PhilosophyExplained#utility), but taking

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link Hashing}.
 *
 * <p>TODO(b/33919189): Migrate repeated testing methods to {@link HashTestUtils} and tweak unit
 * tests to reference them from there.
 *
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class HashingTest extends TestCase {
  public void testMd5() {
    HashTestUtils.checkAvalanche(Hashing.md5(), 100, 0.4);