"Serialization failed on return value of " + factory, e.getCause());
          } catch (AssertionFailedError e) {
            throw new AssertionError(
                "Return value of " + factory + " reserialized to an unequal value", e);
          }
        }
      }
      return this;
    }

    private ImmutableList<Invokable<?, ?>> getFactoriesToTest() {

   *
   * @return the re-serialized object
   * @throws RuntimeException if the specified object was not successfully serialized or
   *     deserialized
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public static <T> T reserialize(T object) {
    return Platform.reserialize(object);
  }

  /**
   * Serializes and deserializes the specified object and verifies that the re-serialized object is

     *
     * @param input The file to deserialize the metadata from, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param options The options to use for deserialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @return The deserialized metadata, never {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the metadata could not be deserialized.
     * @throws MetadataParseException If the input format could not be parsed.

     *
     * @param input The file to deserialize the settings from, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param options The options to use for deserialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @return The deserialized settings, never {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the settings could not be deserialized.
     * @throws SettingsParseException If the input format could not be parsed.

     *
     * @param input The file to deserialize the toolchains from, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param options The options to use for deserialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @return The deserialized toolchains, never {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the toolchains could not be deserialized.
     * @throws ToolchainsParseException If the input format could not be parsed.

     * Reads the model from the specified file.
     *
     * @param input The file to deserialize the model from, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param options The options to use for deserialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @return The deserialized model, never {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the model could not be deserialized.
     * @throws ModelParseException If the input format could not be parsed.
     */

public class MapSerializationTester<K, V> extends AbstractMapTester<K, V> {
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SERIALIZABLE)
  public void testReserializeMap() {
    Map<K, V> deserialized = SerializableTester.reserialize(getMap());
    new EqualsTester().addEqualityGroup(getMap(), deserialized).testEquals();
  }

public class MapSerializationTester<K, V> extends AbstractMapTester<K, V> {
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SERIALIZABLE)
  public void testReserializeMap() {
    Map<K, V> deserialized = SerializableTester.reserialize(getMap());
    new EqualsTester().addEqualityGroup(getMap(), deserialized).testEquals();
  }

## Decision

We do not use Java serialization.
Instead, we use custom serialization where we explicitly describe how data objects should be serialized and deserialized.

For internal purposes, we use binary formats for their brevity.
We use the `Serializer` abstraction to separate the actual implementation of serialization from its uses.

/**
 * Methods factored out so that they can be emulated differently in GWT.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
final class Platform {
  /** Serializes and deserializes the specified object (a no-op under GWT). */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  static <T> T reserialize(T object) {
    return checkNotNull(object);
  }

  private Platform() {}