assertEquals(Object[].class, array.getClass());
  }

  public void testToArray_emptyArray() {
    E[] empty = getSubjectGenerator().createArray(0);
    E[] array = collection.toArray(empty);
    assertEquals(
        "toArray(emptyT[]) should return an array of type T", empty.getClass(), array.getClass());
    assertEquals("toArray(emptyT[]).length:", getNumElements(), array.length);
    expectArrayContentsAnyOrder(createSamplesArray(), array);
  }

**Key Test Areas**:
- Parameter handling (null, empty, missing)
- Special character handling
- Input stream validation (not consumption)
- Edge cases (long filenames, paths, whitespace)

**Test Count**: 10 tests

**Key Scenarios**:
- ✅ Valid filename extraction
- ✅ Null parameters handling
- ✅ Empty/missing resource name
- ✅ Special characters in filename (Japanese, paths)

     *
     * @param pattern
     *            The date pattern. Must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @param propertyNames
     *            An array of property names. Each element must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @return A {@link CopyOptions} with a date converter applied.
     * @see CopyOptions#dateConverter(String, CharSequence...)

     * Processes collection definitions and tracks the element hierarchy.
     *
     * @param uri the namespace URI, or empty string if none
     * @param localName the local name without prefix, or empty string if namespace processing is not performed
     * @param qName the qualified name with prefix, or empty string if qualified names are not available
     * @param attributes the attributes attached to the element

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Shorts.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Shorts.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {boolean} Whether the given string is null or is the empty string.
 * @public
 */
Platform.stringIsNullOrEmpty = function(str) {
  return !str;
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {string} Original str, if it is non-null. Otherwise empty string.
 */
Platform.nullToEmpty = function(str) {
  return str || "";
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str

     * Sets a converter for dates.
     *
     * @param pattern
     *            The date pattern. Must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @param propertyNames
     *            The property names to which this converter will be applied. Each element must not be {@literal null} or an empty string.
     * @return This instance itself
     * @see DateConverter
     */

User-agent: GoodBot
Disallow: /admin/
InvalidDirective: some-value
unknown-field: test
Disallow /missing-colon
Disallow:    # empty value (should be treated as allowing all)
Allow: /public/
Crawl-delay: invalid-number
Crawl-delay: -10
Crawl-delay: 5.5
Crawl-delay:
Allow:    # empty value

# Case 3: Multiple colons in directive
User-agent: MultiColonBot
Disallow: http://example.com:8080/path
Allow: /path:with:colons

     * from the collection obtained by {@link #getModelIds()}. As a special case, an empty string can be used as the
     * identifier for the super POM.
     *
     * @param modelId The identifier of the model whose active profiles should be retrieved, must not be {@code null}.
     * @return The active profiles of the model or an empty list if none or {@code null} if the specified model id does
     *         not refer to a known model.

     * Even if empty string, treated as empty plainly. So "IF pmb != null" is false if empty.
     * @param hostname The parameter value of hostname. (NotNull)
     */
    public void setHostname(String hostname) {
        registerVariable("hostname", hostname);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of clustername, used in parameter comment. <br>