You declare the "shape" of the data as classes with attributes.

And each attribute has a type.

Then you create an instance of that class with some values and it will validate the values, convert them to the appropriate type (if that's the case) and give you an object with all the data.

And you get all the editor support with that resulting object.

An example from the official Pydantic docs:

	for i := range parts {
		if errs[i] == nil {
			if parts[i].Name == objectName {
				t.Errorf("path traversal allowed to allow writing to minioMetaBucket: %s", instanceType)
			}
		}
	}
}

// Tests validate bucket name.
func TestIsValidBucketName(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		bucketName string
		shouldPass bool
	}{
		// cases which should pass the test.
		// passing in valid bucket names.

            final String endpoint = System.getenv("GCS_ENDPOINT");
            final String credentialsFile = System.getenv("GCS_CREDENTIALS_FILE");

            // Validate projectId before attempting connection
            if (StringUtil.isBlank(projectId)) {
                throw new IOException("GCS_PROJECT_ID is blank.");
            }

            try {

            final String secretKey = System.getenv().get("S3_SECRET_KEY");
            final String region = System.getenv().getOrDefault("S3_REGION", "us-east-1");

            // Validate endpoint before attempting connection
            if (StringUtil.isBlank(endpoint)) {
                throw new IOException("S3_ENDPOINT is blank.");
            }

            try {

          <type>java.lang.String[]</type>
          <required>false</required>
          <editable>true</editable>
        </parameter>
      </parameters>

- we need to know what came from the POM, and validate those
- plugin in any default values
- check to see if anything is missing

	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	xhttp.DrainBody(resp.Body)

	return nil
}

// connect to list of endpoints and load all Erasure disk formats, validate the formats are correct
// and are in quorum, if no formats are found attempt to initialize all of them for the first
// time. additionally make sure to close all the disks used in this attempt.

    * Swagger UI.
    * ReDoc.

---

Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:

* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.

        verify(treeConnection, times(2)).isSame(otherConn);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Buffer sizes and signing flags from negotiate response")
    void bufferSizesAndSigning() throws Exception {
        // Validate buffer sizes and signing flag are read from negotiate response
        SmbNegotiationResponse nego = mock(SmbNegotiationResponse.class);
        when(transport.getNegotiateResponse()).thenReturn(nego);

        transformHeader.setOriginalMessageSize(messageSize);

        // Then
        assertEquals(messageSize, transformHeader.getOriginalMessageSize());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should validate protocol ID")
    void testProtocolIdValidation() {
        // Given
        byte[] validProtocolId = { (byte) 0xFD, 'S', 'M', 'B' };
        byte[] invalidProtocolId = { 'I', 'N', 'V', 'D' };

        // When/Then

long maxAccessCount = 0         // Max URLs (0 = unlimited)
```

### CrawlerThread (`CrawlerThread.java`)

Worker thread for crawling.

**Flow**: Poll URL → Validate → Get client → Delay → Check last-modified → Execute → Process → Extract children → Queue children → Delay

### CrawlerClientFactory

Pattern-based client selection using `LinkedHashMap<Pattern, CrawlerClient>`.