ACB_SVRTRUST               = 0x00000100, /* 1 = Server trust account */
		ACB_PWNOEXP                = 0x00000200, /* 1 = User password does not expire */
		ACB_AUTOLOCK               = 0x00000400, /* 1 = Account auto locked */
		ACB_ENC_TXT_PWD_ALLOWED    = 0x00000800, /* 1 = Encryped text password is allowed */
		ACB_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED     = 0x00001000, /* 1 = Smart Card required */

Por ejemplo, en una de las formas en las que se puede usar la especificación OAuth2 (llamada "password flow") se requiere enviar un `username` y `password` como campos de formulario.

La <dfn title="especificación">especificación</dfn> requiere que los campos se llamen exactamente `username` y `password`, y que se envíen como campos de formulario, no JSON.

        private final String password;

        public TestLoginCredential(String username, String password) {
            this.username = username;
            this.password = password;
        }

        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }

        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    }

为了解决这个问题，我们首先将 `username` 和 `password` 转换为使用 UTF-8 编码的 `bytes` 。

然后我们可以使用 `secrets.compare_digest()` 来确保 `credentials.username` 是 `"stanleyjobson"`，且 `credentials.password` 是`"swordfish"`。

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py310.py hl[1,12:24] *}

这类似于：

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
    # Return some error
    ...
```

object Credentials {
  /** Returns an auth credential for the Basic scheme. */
  @JvmStatic @JvmOverloads
  fun basic(
    username: String,
    password: String,
    charset: Charset = ISO_8859_1,
  ): String {
    val usernameAndPassword = "$username:$password"
    val encoded = usernameAndPassword.encode(charset).base64()
    return "Basic $encoded"
  }

Par exemple, dans l'une des manières dont la spécification OAuth2 peut être utilisée (appelée « password flow »), il est requis d'envoyer un `username` et un `password` comme champs de formulaire.

La <dfn title="spécification">spécification</dfn> exige que les champs soient exactement nommés `username` et `password`, et qu'ils soient envoyés en tant que champs de formulaire, pas en JSON.

    #   o user: The database user name. (Required)
    #   o password: The database password. (NotRequired - Default '')
    #
    #; schemaSyncCheckMap = map:{
    #    ; url = jdbc:...
    #    ; schema = EXAMPLEDB
    #    ; user = exampuser
    #    ; password = exampword
    #}
    # - - - - - - - - - -/

Para manejar eso, primero convertimos el `username` y `password` a `bytes` codificándolos con UTF-8.

Luego podemos usar `secrets.compare_digest()` para asegurar que `credentials.username` es `"stanleyjobson"`, y que `credentials.password` es `"swordfish"`.

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py310.py hl[1,12:24] *}

Esto sería similar a:

```Python

// factory receiver.  This constructor will normalize the username, password
// and authzID via the SASLprep algorithm, as recommended by RFC-5802.  If
// SASLprep fails, the method returns an error.
func (x *XDGSCRAMClient) Begin(userName, password, authzID string) (err error) {
	x.Client, err = x.NewClient(userName, password, authzID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	x.ClientConversation = x.NewConversation()

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()


class UserIn(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


class UserOut(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


class UserInDB(BaseModel):
    username: str
    hashed_password: str
    email: EmailStr