final int length) {
        final HMACT64 hmac = new HMACT64(responseKey);
        hmac.update(serverChallenge);
        hmac.update(clientData, offset, length);
        final byte[] mac = hmac.digest();
        final byte[] ret = new byte[mac.length + clientData.length];
        System.arraycopy(mac, 0, ret, 0, mac.length);

                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::length, -100L, "negative length"),
                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::length, 0L, "zero length"),
                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::length, 1L, "small length"));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Long getter {2} returns {1}")
    @MethodSource("longGetterProvider")

        byte[] buffer = new byte[10 + paramBytes.length + dataLen];
        // copy params
        System.arraycopy(paramBytes, 0, buffer, 10, paramBytes.length);
        // copy data
        System.arraycopy(dataBytes, 0, buffer, 10 + paramBytes.length, Math.min(dataBytes.length, dataLen));
        return buffer;
    }

        // LM Response (24 bytes at offset 64)
        message[12] = 24; // Length
        message[13] = 0;
        message[14] = 24; // Max Length
        message[15] = 0;
        message[16] = 64; // Offset
        message[17] = 0;
        message[18] = 0;
        message[19] = 0;

        // NT Response (24 bytes at offset 88)
        message[20] = 24; // Length
        message[21] = 0;
        message[22] = 24; // Max Length

        final String binaryEncoded = Base64Util.encode(binaryData);
        final byte[] binaryDecoded = Base64Util.decode(binaryEncoded);
        assertEquals("Binary data length should match", binaryData.length, binaryDecoded.length);
        for (int i = 0; i < binaryData.length; i++) {
            assertEquals("Binary data should match at position " + i, binaryData[i], binaryDecoded[i]);
        }
    }

    /**

     * @param length the number of bytes to dump from the source array
     */

    public static void hexdump(final PrintStream ps, final byte[] src, final int srcIndex, final int length) {
        if (length == 0) {
            return;
        }

        final int s = length % 16;
        final int r = s == 0 ? length / 16 : length / 16 + 1;
        final char[] c = new char[r * (74 + NL_LENGTH)];

        // Definite-length short form (length 10)
        InputStream s = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[] { 0x0A });
        int length = ASN1Util.readLength(s, 100, false);
        assertEquals(10, length);
    }

    @Test
    void testReadLength_LongForm() throws IOException {
        // Definite-length long form (length 256)

        byte[] derived = new byte[length];

        // Combine inputs
        byte[] labelBytes = label.getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        byte[] input = new byte[baseKey.length + labelBytes.length + (context != null ? context.length : 0)];

        int pos = 0;
        System.arraycopy(baseKey, 0, input, pos, baseKey.length);
        pos += baseKey.length;

        sb.append(dm).append(sortOrder);
        sb.append(dm).append(updatedBy);
        sb.append(dm).append(updatedTime);
        sb.append(dm).append(value);
        if (sb.length() > dm.length()) {
            sb.delete(0, dm.length());
        }
        sb.insert(0, "{").append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // ===================================================================================

            final byte[] lmResponse = getLMResponse();
            final int lmLength = lmResponse != null ? lmResponse.length : 0;
            final byte[] ntResponse = getNTResponse();
            final int ntLength = ntResponse != null ? ntResponse.length : 0;
            final byte[] sessionKey = getSessionKey();
            final int keyLength = sessionKey != null ? sessionKey.length : 0;