* Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.
    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
    * Cookies.
    * Headers.
    * Forms.
    * Files.

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` when it doesn't include files.

But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. If you use `File`, **FastAPI** will know it has to get the files from the correct part of the body.

    logger.addHandler(logHandler);
    ServiceManager manager =
        new ServiceManager(Arrays.<Service>asList(new FailRunService(), new FailStartService()));
    // Due to the implementation of the two services we know that both are now failed.  So the
    // following awaitHealthy call is just to get the exception.
    manager.startAsync();
    assertThat(manager.servicesByState().get(State.FAILED)).hasSize(2);
    IllegalStateException e =

    LocalCache<?, ?> map = CacheTesting.toLocalCache(cache);

    assertThat(map.segments).hasLength(4);
    // 1 is as low as it goes, not 0. it feels dirty to know this/test this.
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[0].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[1].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[2].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[3].table.length());

    LocalCache<?, ?> map = CacheTesting.toLocalCache(cache);

    assertThat(map.segments).hasLength(4);
    // 1 is as low as it goes, not 0. it feels dirty to know this/test this.
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[0].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[1].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[2].table.length());
    assertEquals(1, map.segments[3].table.length());

  }

  public void testBuilder_presize_negative() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ImmutableDoubleArray.builder(-1));
  }

  /**
   * If there's a bug in builder growth, we wouldn't know how to expose it. So, brute force the hell
   * out of it for a while and see what happens.
   */
  public void testBuilder_bruteForce() {
    for (int i = 0; i < reduceIterationsIfGwt(100); i++) {

You can actually skip that extra header and it would still work.

But it's provided here to be compliant with the specifications.

Also, there might be tools that expect and use it (now or in the future) and that might be useful for you or your users, now or in the future.

That's the benefit of standards...

///

## See it in action { #see-it-in-action }

    return new RequestBody() {
      @Override public MediaType contentType() {
        return body.contentType();
      }

      @Override public long contentLength() {
        return -1; // We don't know the compressed length in advance!
      }

      @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
        BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));
        body.writeTo(gzipSink);

    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.
    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
    * Cookies.
    * Headers.
    * Forms.
    * Files.

      // it. To preserve FIFO order and failure atomicity of rejected execution when the same
      // Runnable is executed more than once, allocate a wrapper that we know is safe to remove by
      // object identity.
      // A data structure that returned a removal handle from add() would allow eliminating this
      // allocation.
      submittedTask =
          new Runnable() {