```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
```

////

Both of those versions mean the same thing, `q` is a parameter that can be a `str` or `None`, and by default, it is `None`.

Now let's jump to the fun stuff. 🎉

## Add `Query` to `Annotated` in the `q` parameter

If we had declared `-> HeroPublic`, your editor and linter would complain (rightfully so) that you are returning a `Hero` instead of a `HeroPublic`.

By declaring it in `response_model` we are telling **FastAPI** to do its thing, without interfering with the type annotations and the help from your editor and other tools.

///

### Read Heroes with `HeroPublic`

   * ImmutableList.copyOf} and use that list instead.
   */
  public List<Integer> asList() {
    /*
     * Typically we cache this kind of thing, but much repeated use of this view is a performance
     * anti-pattern anyway. If we cache, then everyone pays a price in memory footprint even if
     * they never use this method.
     */
    return new AsList(this);

   * even for funny strings composed by (possibly unmatched, and mostly illegal) surrogate
   * characters. (But doesn't test that they do the right thing - just their consistency).
   */
  private static void assertHashStringWithSurrogatesEquivalence(
      HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    int size = random.nextInt(8) + 1;
    char[] chars = new char[size];

     * parts other than the last may begin with a digit (for example, "3com.com"). It's important to
     * disallow an initial digit in the last part; it's the only thing that stops an IPv4 numeric
     * address like 127.0.0.1 from looking like a valid domain name.
     */

    if (isFinalPart && DIGIT_MATCHER.matches(part.charAt(0))) {
      return false;
    }

## Version 5.0.0-alpha.12

_2023-12-17_

We took too long to cut this release and there's a lot of changes in it. We've been busy.

Although this release is labeled _alpha_, the only unstable thing in it is our new APIs. This
release has many critical bug fixes and is safe to run in production. We're eager to stabilize our
new APIs so we can get out of alpha.

   * ImmutableList.copyOf} and use that list instead.
   */
  public List<Double> asList() {
    /*
     * Typically we cache this kind of thing, but much repeated use of this view is a performance
     * anti-pattern anyway. If we cache, then everyone pays a price in memory footprint even if
     * they never use this method.
     */
    return new AsList(this);

///

### <a href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flask</a>

Flask is a "microframework", it doesn't include database integrations nor many of the things that come by default in Django.

This simplicity and flexibility allow doing things like using NoSQL databases as the main data storage system.

As it is very simple, it's relatively intuitive to learn, although the documentation gets somewhat technical at some points.

 *   <li>The test classes currently do not declare inclusion in any particular package to simplify
 *       things for people integrating them in TCK test suites.
 *   <li>As a convenience, the {@code main} of this class (JSR166TestCase) runs all JSR166 unit
 *       tests.
 * </ul>
 */
// We call threadUnexpectedException, which does the right thing for errors.
@SuppressWarnings("AssertionFailureIgnored")
abstract class JSR166TestCase extends TestCase {

 *   <li>The test classes currently do not declare inclusion in any particular package to simplify
 *       things for people integrating them in TCK test suites.
 *   <li>As a convenience, the {@code main} of this class (JSR166TestCase) runs all JSR166 unit
 *       tests.
 * </ul>
 */
// We call threadUnexpectedException, which does the right thing for errors.
@SuppressWarnings("AssertionFailureIgnored")
abstract class JSR166TestCase extends TestCase {