buf        []byte          // Holds bit-rot verified data
}

func (b *wholeBitrotReader) ReadAt(buf []byte, offset int64) (n int, err error) {
	if b.buf == nil {
		b.buf = make([]byte, b.tillOffset-offset)
		if _, err := b.disk.ReadFile(context.TODO(), b.volume, b.filePath, offset, b.buf, b.verifier); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	if len(b.buf) < len(buf) {
		return 0, errLessData
	}

func xlMetaV2TrimData(buf []byte) []byte {
	metaBuf, min, maj, err := checkXL2V1(buf)
	if err != nil {
		return buf
	}
	if maj == 1 && min < 1 {
		// First version to carry data.
		return buf
	}
	// Skip header
	_, metaBuf, err = msgp.ReadBytesZC(metaBuf)
	if err != nil {
		storageLogIf(GlobalContext, err)
		return buf
	}
	// Skip CRC
	if maj > 1 || min >= 2 {

	BucketOptions
	HeaderSize int
}

// Read implements a throttled read
func (r *MonitoredReader) Read(buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
	if r.throttle == nil {
		return r.r.Read(buf)
	}
	if r.lastErr != nil {
		err = r.lastErr
		return
	}
	b := r.throttle.Burst()  // maximum available tokens
	need := len(buf)         // number of bytes requested by caller
	hdr := r.opts.HeaderSize // remaining header bytes

			runtime.GC()
			var buf bytes.Buffer
			err := pprof.Lookup("heap").WriteTo(&buf, 0)
			return buf.Bytes(), err
		}
	case madmin.ProfilerBlock:
		runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(100)
		prof.stopFn = func() ([]byte, error) {
			var buf bytes.Buffer
			err := pprof.Lookup("block").WriteTo(&buf, 0)
			runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(0)
			return buf.Bytes(), err
		}
	case madmin.ProfilerMutex:

	if r.w == r.r {
		if r.isFull {
			buf := getDst(r.size)
			copy(buf, r.buf[r.r:])
			copy(buf[r.size-r.r:], r.buf[:r.w])
			return buf
		}
		return nil
	}

	if r.w > r.r {
		buf := getDst(r.w - r.r)
		copy(buf, r.buf[r.r:r.w])
		return buf
	}

	n := r.size - r.r + r.w
	buf := getDst(n)

	if r.r+n < r.size {
		copy(buf, r.buf[r.r:r.r+n])
	} else {
		c1 := r.size - r.r

      h ^= fingerprint(buf, bufLen);
      h = remix(h);
      buf[bufLen++] = getChar(h);

      int x0 = buf[bufLen - 1] & 0xff;
      int x1 = buf[bufLen - 2] & 0xff;
      int x2 = buf[bufLen - 3] & 0xff;
      int x3 = buf[bufLen / 2] & 0xff;
      buf[((x0 << 16) + (x1 << 8) + x2) % bufLen] ^= x3;
      buf[((x1 << 16) + (x2 << 8) + x3) % bufLen] ^= i % 256;
    }

    byte[] buf = new byte[] {'y', 'a', 'm', 's'};
    HashingOutputStream out = new HashingOutputStream(hashFunction, buffer);
    out.write(buf);

    verify(hashFunction).newHasher();
    verify(hasher).putBytes(buf, 0, buf.length);
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(hashFunction, hasher);
  }

  public void testWrite_putByteArrayAtPos() throws Exception {
    byte[] buf = new byte[] {'y', 'a', 'm', 's'};

        int lcm = lcm(outlen, data.length);
        byte[] buf = new byte[outlen];
        int carry = 0;
        for ( int i = lcm - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
            carry = carry_add(data, buf, carry, i);
        }

        if ( carry != 0 ) {
            for ( int i = outlen - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
                carry += ( buf[ i ] & 0xff );
                buf[ i ] = (byte) ( carry & 0xff );
                carry >>>= 8;

	// it with the actual file size.
	if left != bitrotShardFileSize(partSize, shardSize, algo) {
		return errFileCorrupt
	}

	bufp := xioutil.ODirectPoolSmall.Get().(*[]byte)
	defer xioutil.ODirectPoolSmall.Put(bufp)

	for left > 0 {
		// Read expected hash...
		h.Reset()
		n, err := io.ReadFull(r, hashBuf)
		if err != nil {

// The zero value for Buffer is an empty buffer ready to use.
type Buffer struct {
	buf      []byte // contents are the bytes buf[off : len(buf)]
	off      int    // read at &buf[off], write at &buf[len(buf)]
	lastRead readOp // last read operation, so that Unread* can work correctly.
}

// The readOp constants describe the last action performed on