}

	// If we cannot decode, just return read quorum error.
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w (offline-disks=%d/%d)", errErasureReadQuorum, disksNotFound, len(p.readers))
}

// Decode reads from readers, reconstructs data if needed and writes the data to the writer.
// A set of preferred drives can be supplied. In that case they will be used and the data reconstructed.

            String encoded = permissionHelper.encode(value);
            if (encoded != null) {
                String decoded = permissionHelper.decode(encoded);
                assertNotNull("Decoded value should not be null for: " + value, decoded);
                assertEquals("Decoded value should match original: " + value + " -> " + encoded + " -> " + decoded, value, decoded);
            }
        }
    }

        // Encode
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
        int encoded = original.encode(buffer, 0);
        assertEquals(8, encoded);

        // Decode
        FileEndOfFileInformation decoded = new FileEndOfFileInformation();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 8);
        assertEquals(8, decodedBytes);

        // Test that unicode strings are properly encoded/decoded
        String unicodeString = "日本語テスト";
        String encoded = BaseEncoding.base64().encode(unicodeString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        String decoded = new String(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encoded), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        assertEquals(unicodeString, decoded);
    }

    public void test_special_characters_base64_encoding() {

        firstInstance.decode(originalBuffer, 0, originalBuffer.length);

        // Encode from first instance
        byte[] encodedBuffer = new byte[8];
        firstInstance.encode(encodedBuffer, 0);

        // Decode into second instance
        FileInternalInfo secondInstance = new FileInternalInfo();
        secondInstance.decode(encodedBuffer, 0, encodedBuffer.length);

        void testEmptyArraysEncodeDecode() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            context = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext(mockConfig, new int[0], new byte[0]);
            int encodedSize = context.encode(buffer, 0);

            PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext decoded = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext();
            int decodedSize = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, encodedSize);

            EncryptionNegotiateContext decodedContext = new EncryptionNegotiateContext();
            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(originalCiphers, decodedContext.getCiphers());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode and decode correctly with null ciphers")

        NdrHyper decoded = new NdrHyper(0);
        decoded.decode(buf);
        assertEquals(val, decoded.value, "Decoded value should match encoded value for " + Long.toHexString(val));
    }

    /**
     * Ensure encode throws NPE when passed a null buffer.
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Encode with null buffer throws NullPointerException")
    public void testEncodeNullBuffer() throws NdrException {

        FileBasicInfo decoded = new FileBasicInfo();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 36);

        // Verify encoding/decoding
        assertEquals(40, encodedBytes); // encode writes 40 bytes (includes padding)
        assertEquals(36, decodedBytes); // decode reads 36 bytes (no padding)
        assertEquals(original.getCreateTime(), decoded.getCreateTime());

        // When
        int encoded = messageBlock.encode(buffer, encodeIndex);
        int decoded = messageBlock.decode(buffer, decodeIndex);

        // Then
        assertEquals(encodeLength, encoded);
        assertEquals(decodeLength, decoded);
        verify(messageBlock).encode(buffer, encodeIndex);
        verify(messageBlock).decode(buffer, decodeIndex);
    }