void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {
        // Arrange: Truncated SEQUENCE (0x30 len=2 but only 1 byte of content)
        byte[] malformed = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x02, 0x01 };

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(malformed, null));
        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Malformed Kerberos Ticket"));

    /**
     * No lease caching
     */
    public static final int SMB2_LEASE_NONE = 0x00;

    /**
     * Read caching lease (R)
     */
    public static final int SMB2_LEASE_READ_CACHING = 0x01;

    /**
     * Handle caching lease (H)
     */
    public static final int SMB2_LEASE_HANDLE_CACHING = 0x02;

    /**
     * Write caching lease (W)
     */

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "session error {1} -\\u003e {2}")
    @CsvSource({ "-1,Connection refused", "0x80,Not listening on called name", "0x81,Not listening for calling name",
            "0x82,Called name not present", "0x83,Called name present, but insufficient resources", "0x8F,Unspecified error",
            "999,Unknown error code: 999" })

 */
public class SmbComOpenAndX extends AndXServerMessageBlock {

    // flags (not the same as flags constructor argument)
    static final int FLAGS_RETURN_ADDITIONAL_INFO = 0x01;
    static final int FLAGS_REQUEST_OPLOCK = 0x02;
    static final int FLAGS_REQUEST_BATCH_OPLOCK = 0x04;

    // Access Mode Encoding for desiredAccess
    static final int SHARING_COMPATIBILITY = 0x00;

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should set write flags")
        void testSetWriteFlags() {
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> request.setWriteFlags(0));
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> request.setWriteFlags(0x01));
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> request.setWriteFlags(0xFF));
            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> request.setWriteFlags(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
        }

        @ParameterizedTest

        }
    }

    /* --- flag handling -------------------------------- */
    @Test
    void testFlagSetAndUnset() {
        TestMessage m = new TestMessage();
        int FLAG_A = 0x01;
        int FLAG_B = 0x02;
        assertFalse(m.isFlagSet(FLAG_A));
        m.setFlag(FLAG_A);
        assertTrue(m.isFlagSet(FLAG_A));
        // unset correctly removes the flag
        m.unsetFlag(FLAG_A);

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    testBytes = new byte[size];
    new Random(RANDOM_SEED).nextBytes(testBytes);
  }

  @Benchmark
  byte hashing(int reps) {
    byte result = 0x01;
    HashMethod hashMethod = this.hashMethod;
    Algorithm algorithm = this.algorithm;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      result ^= hashMethod.hash(algorithm, testBytes)[0];
    }
    return result;
  }

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    testBytes = new byte[size];
    new Random(RANDOM_SEED).nextBytes(testBytes);
  }

  @Benchmark
  byte hashing(int reps) {
    byte result = 0x01;
    HashMethod hashMethod = this.hashMethod;
    Algorithm algorithm = this.algorithm;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      result ^= hashMethod.hash(algorithm, testBytes)[0];
    }
    return result;
  }

    void isValid_false_inVariousCases() {
        when(cfg.isTraceResourceUsage()).thenReturn(false);
        stubValidTree(10L, true, true);
        SmbFileHandleImpl h = new SmbFileHandleImpl(cfg, new byte[] { 0x01 }, tree, "//x", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0L);

        assertTrue(h.isValid());

        // Tree id change makes it invalid
        when(tree.getTreeId()).thenReturn(11L);
        assertFalse(h.isValid());

        // Simulate address = 192.168.1.1 (0xC0A80101)
        src[srcIndex + 2] = (byte) 0xC0;
        src[srcIndex + 3] = (byte) 0xA8;
        src[srcIndex + 4] = (byte) 0x01;
        src[srcIndex + 5] = (byte) 0x01;

        // Set 'addrEntry' and 'addrIndex' fields in superclass for the response to be stored
        Field addrEntryField = NameServicePacket.class.getDeclaredField("addrEntry");