}
    }

    /**
     * Validate offset and length for file operations
     *
     * @param offset file offset
     * @param length operation length
     * @param fileSize total file size
     * @throws SmbException if parameters are invalid
     */
    public void validateFileOperation(long offset, long length, long fileSize) throws SmbException {

    public int encode(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        int start = offset;

        // Write context header
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, offset); // Next (offset to next context, 0 for last)
        offset += 4;

        SMBUtil.writeInt2(16, buffer, offset); // NameOffset (from start of context)
        offset += 2;

        SMBUtil.writeInt2(4, buffer, offset); // NameLength
        offset += 2;

        SMBUtil.writeInt2(0x8004, buffer, 22); // Control flags
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, 24); // Owner offset
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, 28); // Group offset
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, 32); // SACL offset
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, buffer, 36); // DACL offset

        int result = response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, bufferIndex);

        assertNotNull(response.getInfo());

        assertEquals(SmbComTransaction.TRANS_CALL_NAMED_PIPE, dst[offset]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, dst[offset + 1]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, dst[offset + 2]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, dst[offset + 3]);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test readSetupWireFormat returns 0")
    void testReadSetupWireFormat() {
        // Given

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test decode with buffer offset")
    void testDecodeWithBufferOffset() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare test data with offset
        byte[] buffer = new byte[20]; // Extra space to test offset
        int bufferIndex = 7; // Start at offset 7
        long expectedIndexNumber = 0xFEDCBA9876543210L;

        // Encode test data at offset

						Name:     "gnu-sparse",
						Size:     6e10,
						SparseHoles: []sparseEntry{
							{Offset: 0e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
							{Offset: 1e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
							{Offset: 2e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
							{Offset: 3e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
							{Offset: 4e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
							{Offset: 5e10, Length: 1e10 - 100},
						},
					}, nil},
					testReadFrom{fileOps{

        buffer[40] = 0x00;

        // Parameter offset (2 bytes)
        buffer[41] = 0x00;
        buffer[42] = 0x00;

        // Parameter displacement (2 bytes)
        buffer[43] = 0x00;
        buffer[44] = 0x00;

        // Data count (2 bytes)
        buffer[45] = 0x00;
        buffer[46] = 0x00;

        // Data offset (2 bytes)
        buffer[47] = 0x00;
        buffer[48] = 0x00;

            assertEquals(expected[i], dst[offset + i], () -> "byte index " + idx);
        }
        // The region before offset and after the payload must remain untouched.
        for (int i = 0; i < offset; i++) {
            final int idx = i;
            assertEquals(0, dst[i], () -> "pre-offset byte " + idx + " modified");
        }
        for (int i = offset + 8; i < dst.length; i++) {
            final int idx = i;

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle output buffer with offset")
    void testReadBytesWireFormatWithOutputOffset() throws Exception {
        // Given
        int offset = 100;
        byte[] largeOutputBuffer = new byte[1024];
        Smb2ReadResponse offsetResponse = new Smb2ReadResponse(mockConfig, largeOutputBuffer, offset);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
        int bodyStart = 0;

    session.refresh(hero)
    return hero


@app.get("/heroes/")
def read_heroes(
    session: Session = Depends(get_session),
    offset: int = 0,
    limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100),
) -> list[Hero]:
    heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
    return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def read_hero(hero_id: int, session: Session = Depends(get_session)) -> Hero: