@MethodSource("messages")
    @DisplayName("Message constructor preserves provided messages, including null/edge cases")
    void messageConstructor_preservesMessage(String msg) {
        // Arrange & Act
        SmbUnsupportedOperationException ex = new SmbUnsupportedOperationException(msg);

        // Assert
        assertEquals(msg, ex.getMessage(), "Constructor should preserve the provided message (including null)");

    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with O_CREAT flag.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor_CreateAndOpen() {
        int flags = SmbFile.O_CREAT;
        smbComOpenAndX = new SmbComOpenAndX(fileName, access, flags, andx);
        assertEquals(0x11, smbComOpenAndX.openFunction); // OPEN_FN_CREATE | OPEN_FN_OPEN
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with no special flags.
     */
    @Test

        // Although we cannot directly verify the super constructor call with Mockito for a real class,
        // we can infer its correct behavior if the object is successfully constructed and its own fields are correct.
        // The super constructor is called with (domainHandle, 0, acct_flags, null, 0)

    // Creates a minimal valid CIFS context that does not perform I/O by itself
    private CIFSContext ctx() {
        return SingletonContext.getInstance();
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Constructor behavior")
    class ConstructorTests {

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Accepts IPC$ URLs (happy path)")
        @ValueSource(strings = { "smb://server/IPC$/foo", "smb://server/IPC$/PIPE/foo" })

        // Test constructor with message only
        String message = "SSO login failed";
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with message and cause

        // Test constructor with message only
        String message = "LDAP operation failed";
        LdapOperationException exception = new LdapOperationException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with message and cause

     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor() {
        // Verify that the constructor correctly sets the id and attributes
        assertEquals(mockSid, pacGroup.getId(), "The SID should be correctly set in the constructor.");
        assertEquals(attributes, pacGroup.getAttributes(), "The attributes should be correctly set in the constructor.");
    }

    /**
     * Test method for {@link jcifs.pac.PacGroup#getId()}.
     */

        // Since SamrOpenDomain's constructor is called, we implicitly test that the arguments
        // are passed up. Mockito cannot directly verify super() calls without PowerMock,
        // which is not ideal for simple constructor tests.
        // The primary responsibility of this constructor is setting ptype and flags,
        // which are directly verifiable.
    }

        s.sub_authority = Arrays.copyOf(subs, subs.length);
        return s;
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Basic Constructor and Utility Tests")
    class BasicTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Textual constructor happy path and toString consistency")
        void testTextualConstructorAndToString() throws Exception {
            // Arrange

    }

    /**
     * LSA Quality of Service information.
     */
    public static class LsarQosInfo extends NdrObject {

        /**
         * Default constructor for LsarQosInfo.
         */
        public LsarQosInfo() {
            // Default constructor
        }

        /** Length of the QoS information. */
        public int length;
        /** Security impersonation level. */