from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()

items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def upsert_item(
    item_id: str,
    name: Annotated[Union[str, None], Body()] = None,
    size: Annotated[Union[int, None], Body()] = None,
):

import org.codelibs.fess.es.config.exentity.AccessToken;
import org.codelibs.fess.helper.PermissionHelper;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.JsonResponse;

/**
 * @author shinsuke
 */
public class ApiAdminAccesstokenAction extends FessApiAdminAction {

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(ApiAdminAccesstokenAction.class);

import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.api.admin.FessApiAdminAction;
import org.codelibs.fess.es.config.exentity.RequestHeader;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.JsonResponse;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author Keiichi Watanabe
 */
public class ApiAdminReqheaderAction extends FessApiAdminAction {

import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.api.admin.FessApiAdminAction;
import org.codelibs.fess.es.config.exentity.WebAuthentication;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.JsonResponse;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author Keiichi Watanabe
 */
public class ApiAdminWebauthAction extends FessApiAdminAction {

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal")
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

import org.codelibs.fess.exception.FessSystemException;
import org.codelibs.fess.helper.SuggestHelper;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.JsonResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.StreamResponse;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

public class ApiAdminBadwordAction extends FessApiAdminAction {

然后，**FastAPI** 会在后台将这些兼容 JSON 的数据（比如字典）放到一个 `JSONResponse` 中，该 `JSONResponse` 会用来发送响应给客户端。

但是你可以在你的 *路径操作* 中直接返回一个 `JSONResponse`。

直接返回响应可能会有用处，比如返回自定义的响应头和 cookies。

## 返回 `Response`

事实上，你可以返回任意 `Response` 或者任意 `Response` 的子类。

/// tip | "小贴士"

`JSONResponse` 本身是一个 `Response` 的子类。

///

当你返回一个 `Response` 时，**FastAPI** 会直接传递它。

from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()
router = APIRouter()


@router.route("/items/")
def read_items(request: Request):
    return JSONResponse({"hello": "world"})


app.include_router(router)

client = TestClient(app)


def test_sub_router():
    response = client.get("/items/")

But you can return a `JSONResponse` directly from your *path operations*.

It might be useful, for example, to return custom headers or cookies.

## Return a `Response`

In fact, you can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.

/// tip

`JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.

///

from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    title: str
    timestamp: datetime
    description: Union[str, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{id}")
def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)