if (title == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }

        final int[] spaceChars = getSpaceChars();
        try (final Reader reader = new StringReader(title)) {
            return TextUtil.normalizeText(reader).initialCapacity(title.length()).spaceChars(spaceChars).execute();
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }
    }

   */
  @CheckForNull
  Range<C> rangeContaining(C value);

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if there exists a non-empty range enclosed by both a member range in this
   * range set and the specified range. This is equivalent to calling {@code
   * subRangeSet(otherRange)} and testing whether the resulting range set is non-empty.
   *
   * @since 20.0
   */
  boolean intersects(Range<C> otherRange);

  /**

	if spc {
		s.WriteString(KvDoubleQuote)
	}
	return s.String()
}

// KVS - is a shorthand for some wrapper functions
// to operate on list of key values.
type KVS []KV

// Empty - return if kv is empty
func (kvs KVS) Empty() bool {
	return len(kvs) == 0
}

// Clone - returns a copy of the KVS
func (kvs KVS) Clone() KVS {
	return append(make(KVS, 0, len(kvs)), kvs...)
}

        if (date == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY;
        }
        final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(Constants.ISO_DATETIME_FORMAT);
        sdf.setTimeZone(Constants.TIMEZONE_UTC);
        return sdf.format(date);
    }

    public static String formatDate(final LocalDateTime date) {
        if (date == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY;
        }

    private void validateIdentity() {
        if (empty(groupId)) {
            throw new InvalidArtifactRTException(
                    groupId, artifactId, getVersion(), type, "The groupId cannot be empty.");
        }

        if (empty(artifactId)) {
            throw new InvalidArtifactRTException(
                    groupId, artifactId, getVersion(), type, "The artifactId cannot be empty.");
        }

        if (empty(type)) {

      }
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    }

    boolean empty;
    if (effectiveRange.isEmpty()) {
      empty = true;
    } else {
      /*
       * requireNonNull is safe because the effectiveRange operations above would have thrown or
       * effectiveRange.isEmpty() would have returned true.
       */

    expectContents();
  }

  // retainAll(null)

  /*
   * AbstractCollection fails the retainAll(null) test when the subject
   * collection is empty, but we'd still like to test retainAll(null) when we
   * can. We split the test into empty and non-empty cases. This allows us to
   * suppress only the former.
   */

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(ZERO)

 *
 * If a path's last segment is the empty string then the path ends with "/". This class always
 * builds non-empty paths: if the path is omitted it defaults to "/". The default path's segment
 * list is a single empty string: `[""]`.
 *
 * ### Query
 *
 * The query is optional: it can be null, empty, or non-empty. For many HTTP URLs the query string

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Doubles.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Doubles.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

  // `nil` specifies that the distinguisher is disabled and thus will always be the empty string.
  // +optional
  optional FlowDistinguisherMethod distinguisherMethod = 3;

  // `rules` describes which requests will match this flow schema. This FlowSchema matches a request if and only if
  // at least one member of rules matches the request.
  // if it is an empty slice, there will be no requests matching the FlowSchema.
  // +listType=atomic