你只能在被 `async def` 创建的函数内使用 `await`

///

---

如果你正在使用一个第三方库和某些组件（比如：数据库、API、文件系统...）进行通信，第三方库又不支持使用 `await` （目前大多数数据库三方库都是这样），这种情况你可以像平常那样使用 `def` 声明一个路径操作函数，就像这样：

```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/')
def results():
    results = some_library()
    return results
```

---

如果你的应用程序不需要与其他任何东西通信而等待其响应，请使用 `async def`。

---

如果你不清楚，使用 `def` 就好.

---

        security_scopes=security_scopes,
    )


def get_parameterless_sub_dependant(*, depends: params.Depends, path: str) -> Dependant:
    assert callable(
        depends.dependency
    ), "A parameter-less dependency must have a callable dependency"
    return get_sub_dependant(depends=depends, dependency=depends.dependency, path=path)


def get_sub_dependant(
    *,
    depends: params.Depends,

    Novamente, você pode combinar `dataclasses` com anotações de tipo padrão.

8. Note que esta *função de operação de rota* usa `def` regular em vez de `async def`.

    Como sempre, no FastAPI você pode combinar `def` e `async def` conforme necessário.

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py39


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.schema_extra_example.tutorial004_an_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


# Test required and embedded body parameters with no bodies sent
@needs_py39
def test_post_body_example(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.schema_extra_example.tutorial004_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


# Test required and embedded body parameters with no bodies sent
@needs_py310
def test_post_body_example(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/5",
        json={

from dirty_equals import IsDict, IsOneOf
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.security.tutorial005_an_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def get_access_token(
    *, username="johndoe", password="secret", scope=None, client: TestClient
):
    data = {"username": username, "password": password}

from docs_src.security.tutorial001 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_no_token():
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_token():
    response = client.get("/items", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer testtoken"})

        ("/items", {"User-Agent": "FastAPI test"}, 200, {"User-Agent": "FastAPI test"}),
    ],
)
def test(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response, client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

            200,
            {"strange_header": None},
        ),
    ],
)
def test(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response, client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py39
def test_openapi_schema():
    from docs_src.header_params.tutorial002_an_py39 import app

from docs_src.additional_responses.tutorial001 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_path_operation():
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}


def test_path_operation_not_found():
    response = client.get("/items/bar")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text