/// tip

If you want to override a dependency only during some tests, you can set the override at the beginning of the test (inside the test function) and reset it at the end (at the end of the test function).

}

// readOldGNUSparseMap reads the sparse map from the old GNU sparse format.
// The sparse map is stored in the tar header if it's small enough.
// If it's larger than four entries, then one or more extension headers are used
// to store the rest of the sparse map.
//
// The Header.Size does not reflect the size of any extended headers used.
// Thus, this function will read from the raw io.Reader to fetch extra headers.

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

At some point you would have started the definition of the function, you had the parameters ready...

But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper case".

Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

Then, you try with the old programmer's friend, editor autocompletion.

You type the first parameter of the function, `first_name`, then a dot (`.`) and then hit `Ctrl+Space` to trigger the completion.

also use an **internal cache** when building the image, if a file hasn't changed since the last time building the container image, then it will **reuse the same layer** created the last time, instead of copying the file again and creating a new layer from scratch.

Just avoiding the copy of files doesn't necessarily improve things too much, but because it used the cache for that step, it can **use the cache for the next step**. For example, it could use the cache for the instruction that...

#!/bin/bash

if [ -n "$TEST_DEBUG" ]; then
	set -x
fi

pkill minio
pkill kes
rm -rf /tmp/xl

go install -v github.com/minio/mc@master
cp -a $(go env GOPATH)/bin/mc ./mc

if [ ! -f ./kes ]; then
	wget --quiet -O kes https://github.com/minio/kes/releases/latest/download/kes-linux-amd64 &&
		chmod +x kes
fi

if ! openssl version &>/dev/null; then
	apt install openssl || sudo apt install opensssl
fi

#!/usr/bin/env bash

echo "Running $0"

if [ -n "$TEST_DEBUG" ]; then
	set -x
fi

trap 'catch $LINENO' ERR

# shellcheck disable=SC2120
catch() {
	if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
		echo "error on line $1"
		echo "dc1 server logs ========="
		cat /tmp/dc1.log
		echo "dc2 server logs ========="
		cat /tmp/dc2.log
	fi

	echo "Cleaning up instances of MinIO"
	set +e
	pkill minio
	pkill mc
	rm -rf /tmp/xl/

* To pass a JSON body, pass a Python object (e.g. a `dict`) to the parameter `json`.
* If you need to send *Form Data* instead of JSON, use the `data` parameter instead.
* To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
* For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.

**FastAPI** will **extract** the data for **each field** from the **form data** in the request and give you the Pydantic model you defined.

## Check the Docs { #check-the-docs }

You can verify it in the docs UI at `/docs`:

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/request-form-models/image01.png">
</div>

## Forbid Extra Form Fields { #forbid-extra-form-fields }