// Write Reserved2 (4 bytes)
            bufferIndex += 4;

            // Write file ID (16 bytes)
            byte[] expectedFileId = createTestData(16);
            System.arraycopy(expectedFileId, 0, buffer, bufferIndex, 16);

            // Read the buffer
            int bytesRead = notification.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

            // Verify the bytes read

        Encdec.enc_uint32le(0x00000000, temp, 4); // Reserved
        Encdec.enc_uint64le(nanos1601, temp, 8);
        System.arraycopy(clientChallenge, 0, temp, 16, 8);
        Encdec.enc_uint32le(0x00000000, temp, 24); // Unknown
        if (avPairs != null) {
            System.arraycopy(avPairs, 0, temp, 28, avPairsLength);
        }
        Encdec.enc_uint32le(0x00000000, temp, 28 + avPairsLength); // mystery bytes!

        String fileName = "test.txt";
        byte[] fileNameBytes = fileName.getBytes("UnicodeLittleUnmarked");
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(fileNameBytes.length, buffer, notifyOffset + 8); // FileNameLength
        System.arraycopy(fileNameBytes, 0, buffer, notifyOffset + 12, fileNameBytes.length);

        // When
        int bytesRead = response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, offset);

        // Then
        assertTrue(bytesRead > 0);

        }
        byte[] packet = new byte[totalLen];
        System.arraycopy(header, 0, packet, 0, header.length);
        System.arraycopy(body, 0, packet, SMB2_HEADER_LENGTH, body.length);
        if (ctxOffsetFromHeader != null && ctxBytes != null) {
            System.arraycopy(ctxBytes, 0, packet, ctxOffsetFromHeader, ctxBytes.length);
        }
        return packet;
    }

            }
            ServerMessageBlock.writeInt4(signSequence, data, index);
            update(data, offset, length);
            System.arraycopy(digest(), 0, data, index, 8);
            if (bypass) {
                bypass = false;
                System.arraycopy("BSRSPYL ".getBytes(), 0, data, index, 8);
            }
        } catch (final Exception ex) {
            if (LogStream.level > 0) {

        
        writeInt4(buffer, offset + 12, dataOffset - offset);  // DataOffset
        
        // Write context name
        System.arraycopy(getName().getBytes(), 0, buffer, offset + 16, getName().length());
        
        // Write lease data
        System.arraycopy(leaseKey.getKey(), 0, buffer, dataOffset, 16);  // LeaseKey
        writeInt4(buffer, dataOffset + 16, leaseState);  // LeaseState

    int strCopyLen = len;
    int pos = 0;
    while (count != 0) {
      if ((count & 1) != 0) {
        System.arraycopy(strCopy, 0, array, pos, strCopyLen);
        pos += strCopyLen;
      }
      count >>= 1;
      if (count != 0) {
        System.arraycopy(strCopy, 0, strCopy, strCopyLen, strCopyLen);
        strCopyLen <<= 1;
      }
    }
    return new String(array);
  }

  @Benchmark

        Encodable enc = new ByteEncodable(src, 0, 5);
        byte[] dst = new byte[4]; // too small

        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> enc.encode(dst, 0),
                "System.arraycopy should throw for insufficient destination space");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode() throws when dstIndex causes overflow")
    void encodeThrowsWhenDstIndexCausesOverflow() {

        buffer[68] = (byte) shortNameBytes.length; // shortNameLength
        System.arraycopy(shortNameBytes, 0, buffer, 70, Math.min(shortNameBytes.length, 24));

        // Write filename
        if (unicode) {
            byte[] filenameBytes = Strings.getUNIBytes(filename);
            System.arraycopy(filenameBytes, 0, buffer, 94, filenameBytes.length);
        } else {

        assertEquals(0, SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, offset + 4));

        // Verify file ID is copied correctly (16 bytes starting at offset+8)
        byte[] copiedFileId = new byte[16];
        System.arraycopy(buffer, offset + 8, copiedFileId, 0, 16);
        assertArrayEquals(testFileId, copiedFileId);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat with null file ID should handle gracefully")