String testValue = "HELLO WORLD";
        OptionalEntity<String> result = OptionalUtil.ofNullable(testValue);

        assertTrue(result.isPresent());

        // Test that we can chain operations
        String processed = result.map(s -> s.toLowerCase()).orElse("default");

        assertEquals("hello world", processed);

        // Test with null value

        assertNull(authenticator.decodeBase64(null));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_decodeBase64_standard() {
        // "Hello" encoded in standard Base64
        final byte[] result = authenticator.decodeBase64("SGVsbG8=");
        assertEquals("Hello", new String(result));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_decodeBase64_urlSafe() {
        // Base64 URL encoding (uses - and _ instead of + and /)

/**
 * Tests for {@link SerializableTester}.
 *
 * @author Nick Kralevich
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class SerializableTesterTest extends TestCase {
  public void testStringAssertions() {
    String original = "hello world";
    String copy = SerializableTester.reserializeAndAssert(original);
    assertThat(copy).isNotSameInstanceAs(original);
  }

  public void testClassWhichDoesNotImplementEquals() {

/**
 * Tests for {@link SerializableTester}.
 *
 * @author Nick Kralevich
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class SerializableTesterTest extends TestCase {
  public void testStringAssertions() {
    String original = "hello world";
    String copy = SerializableTester.reserializeAndAssert(original);
    assertThat(copy).isNotSameInstanceAs(original);
  }

  public void testClassWhichDoesNotImplementEquals() {

```JSON
{
    "message": "Hello World",
    "root_path": "/api/v1"
}
```

/// tip

注意，儘管你是用 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app` 存取，它仍然顯示從 `--root-path` 選項取得的 `root_path` 為 `/api/v1`。

///

接著打開使用 Traefik 埠且包含路徑前綴的 URL：[http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/app](http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/app)。

我們會得到相同的回應：

```JSON
{
    "message": "Hello World",
    "root_path": "/api/v1"
}
```

### Створіть { #create-it }

Створіть файл `main.py` з:

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

./mc ready minio1 --insecure
./mc ready minio2 --insecure

# Prepare data for tests
echo -n "Preparing test data ..."
mkdir -p /tmp/data
echo "Hello world" >/tmp/data/plainfile
echo "Hello from encrypted world" >/tmp/data/encrypted
touch /tmp/data/defpartsize
shred -s 500M /tmp/data/defpartsize
touch /tmp/data/mpartobj.txt
shred -s 500M /tmp/data/mpartobj.txt
echo "done"

    public void test_createSuccessResponse_basic() {
        final Map<String, Object> response = chatApiManager.createSuccessResponse("session-123", "Hello, world!", null);

        assertEquals("ok", response.get("status"));
        assertEquals("session-123", response.get("sessionId"));
        assertEquals("Hello, world!", response.get("content"));
        assertFalse(response.containsKey("sources"));
    }

    @Test

    server.protocols = Arrays.asList(Protocol.HTTP_2, Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
    requestBodySuccess(
      "Hello".toRequestBody("text/plain".toMediaType()),
      CoreMatchers.equalTo(5L),
      CoreMatchers.equalTo(19L),
    )
  }

  @Test
  fun requestBodySuccessHttp() {
    requestBodySuccess(
      "Hello".toRequestBody("text/plain".toMediaType()),
      CoreMatchers.equalTo(5L),
      CoreMatchers.equalTo(19L),

 * expected to be unequal. For example:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * EquivalenceTester.of(someStringEquivalence)
 *     .addEquivalenceGroup("hello", "h" + "ello")
 *     .addEquivalenceGroup("world", "wor" + "ld")
 *     .test();
 * }
 *
 * <p>Note that testing {@link Object#equals(Object)} is more simply done using the {@link