assertEquals(-1, stream.read()); // EOF immediately
        }
    }

    public void test_largeFile() throws Exception {
        // Create a temporary file with larger data
        File tempFile = File.createTempFile("test-large-", ".tmp");
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
            data[i] = (byte) (i % 256);
        }

     * crawler may only retrieve Sitemaps that were modified since a certain
     * date. This incremental Sitemap fetching mechanism allows for the rapid
     * discovery of new URLs on very large sites.
     */
    private String lastmod;

    /**
     * Creates a new SitemapFile instance.
     */
    public SitemapFile() {
        // Default constructor
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)

        assertEquals(14, totalWritten); // 4 header + 10 trailer
        assertEquals((byte) SessionServicePacket.SESSION_MESSAGE, dst[0]);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeWireFormat should handle large lengths correctly")
    void testWriteWireFormatLargeLength() {
        packet.type = SessionServicePacket.SESSION_MESSAGE;
        packet.trailerLength = 0x10000; // Length requiring extended bit

    void testFormatRateLargeValues() {
        FileSizeFormat format = new FileSizeFormat();

        // Test large but valid rates
        MessageBuilder builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 5e12); // 5 TB/s
        assertEquals("5000.0 GB/s", builder.build());

        // Test very large rate
        builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 1e15); // 1 PB/s

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for various potential implementations of {@code ByteSource.asCharSource(...).read()}.
 */
// These benchmarks allocate a lot of data so use a large heap
@VmOptions({"-Xms12g", "-Xmx12g", "-d64"})
@NullUnmarked
public class ByteSourceAsCharSourceReadBenchmark {
  enum ReadStrategy {
    TO_BYTE_ARRAY_NEW_STRING {
      @Override

		// ensure it's UTF8 encoded.
		value = string(val)
	case [12]byte:
		// TODO: This is returned for the parquet INT96 type. We just
		// treat it same as []byte (but AWS S3 treats it as a large int)
		// - fix this later.
		value = string(val[:])
	case int32:
		value = int64(val)
		if logicalType := se.GetLogicalType(); logicalType != nil {
			if logicalType.IsSetDATE() {

        testCoverage: TestCoverage,
        parallelization: (Int) -> ParallelizationMethod,
    ): List<SmallSubprojectBucket> {
        // splitIntoBuckets() method expects us to split large element into N elements,
        // but we want to have a single bucket with N batches.
        // As a workaround, we repeat the bucket N times, and deduplicate the result at the end
        val resultIncludingDuplicates =

        axesSizeProduct[i] = Math.multiplyExact(axesSizeProduct[i + 1], axes.get(i).size());
      }
    } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Cartesian product too large; must have size at most Integer.MAX_VALUE");
    }
    this.axesSizeProduct = axesSizeProduct;
  }

  private int getAxisIndexForProductIndex(int index, int axis) {

    class EdgeCasesTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle maximum size arrays")
        void testMaximumSizeArrays() {
            // Test with reasonably large arrays
            int[] largeCiphers = new int[100];
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                largeCiphers[i] = i;
            }

                // Values should be within reasonable range for security flags
                assertTrue(value <= 0xFFFF, "Constant " + field.getName() + " value seems unusually large");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Helper method to check if a number is a power of two
     */
    private boolean isPowerOfTwo(int n) {
        return n > 0 && (n & (n - 1)) == 0;