assertEquals(0L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new Object[0]));

        // Array with null elements
        assertEquals(0L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new String[] { null, null }));

        // Mixed content array
        assertEquals(84L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new Object[] { "test", 123, null }));

        // Nested arrays

    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null");
  }

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessageWithArgs_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException e =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null, "b", "d"));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null [b, d]");
  }

    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null");
  }

  public void testCheckArgument_nullMessageWithArgs_failure() {
    IllegalArgumentException e =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> checkArgument(false, null, "b", "d"));
    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("null [b, d]");
  }

                    break;
                }
            }
            if (this.authMethod == null) {
                return null;
            }
            NtlmMessage message = authorization != null ? new Type2Message(Base64.decode(authorization)) : null;
            reconnect();
            if (message == null) {
                message = new Type1Message(this.transportContext);

            if (!fetchMore()) {
                doClose();
                return null;
            }
            this.ridx = 0;
            return advance(true);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Opens the enumeration and returns the first entry.
     *
     * @return the first file entry, or null if empty
     * @throws CIFSException if an error occurs during opening
     */

    }

    @Override
    public @Nullable Integer next(Integer value) {
      int i = value;
      return (i == Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? null : i + 1;
    }

    @Override
    public @Nullable Integer previous(Integer value) {
      int i = value;
      return (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) ? null : i - 1;
    }

    @Override
    Integer offset(Integer origin, long distance) {
      checkNonnegative(distance, "distance");

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test with both null message and cause
        DataStoreException exception = new DataStoreException(null, null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());

        JobProcess jobProcess = new JobProcess(mockProcess, 0, null);

        assertNotNull(jobProcess.getInputStreamThread());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullCallback() throws IOException {
        Process mockProcess = createMockProcess("test");
        JobProcess jobProcess = new JobProcess(mockProcess, 10, null);

        assertNotNull(jobProcess.getInputStreamThread());
    }

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat with null buffer - throws NullPointerException")
    void testReadParameterWordsWithNullBuffer() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> response.readParameterWordsWireFormat(null, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat with offset beyond buffer - throws exception")

            eventCatapult.fire(ExecutionEvent.Type.SessionEnded, session, null);
        }
    }

    public List<TaskSegment> calculateTaskSegments(MavenSession session) throws Exception {

        MavenProject rootProject = session.getTopLevelProject();

        List<String> tasks = requireNonNull(session.getGoals()); // session never returns null, but empty list

        if (tasks.isEmpty()