As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets:

```Python hl_lines="4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!}
```

////

/// info

Those internal types in the square brackets are called "type parameters".

In this case, `str` is the type parameter passed to `List` (or `list` in Python 3.9 and above).

///

        }
      }
    } while (cursor.next() != -1)
  }

  fun closeCodeExceptionMessage(code: Int): String? =
    if (code < 1000 || code >= 5000) {
      "Code must be in range [1000,5000): $code"
    } else if (code in 1004..1006 || code in 1015..2999) {
      "Code $code is reserved and may not be used."
    } else {
      null
    }

  fun validateCloseCode(code: Int) {

# Advanced Middleware { #advanced-middleware }

In the main tutorial you read how to add [Custom Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to your application.

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

   * <p>Because a {@code SetMultimap} has unique values for a given key, this method returns a
   * {@link Set}, instead of the {@link Collection} specified in the {@link Multimap} interface.
   *
   * <p>Any duplicates in {@code values} will be stored in the multimap once.
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  public Set<V> replaceValues(@ParametricNullness K key, Iterable<? extends V> values) {

Dadurch wird die Funktion in einen sogenannten „**asynchronen Kontextmanager**“ umgewandelt.

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py hl[1,13] *}

Ein **Kontextmanager** in Python ist etwas, das Sie in einer `with`-Anweisung verwenden können, zum Beispiel kann `open()` als Kontextmanager verwendet werden:

```Python
with open("file.txt") as file:
    file.read()
```

        CloseableUtil.closeQuietly(in);
        logger.info(content);
        assertTrue(content.contains("テスト"));
    }

    public void test_getHtml_attr() {
        final InputStream in = ResourceUtil.getResourceAsStream("extractor/test_attr.html");
        final String content = htmlXpathExtractor.getText(in, null).getContent();
        CloseableUtil.closeQuietly(in);

In diesen Fällen können Sie einen `Response`-Parameter verwenden.

## Einen `Response`-Parameter verwenden

Sie können einen Parameter vom Typ `Response` in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* deklarieren (wie Sie es auch für Cookies und Header tun können).

Anschließend können Sie den `status_code` in diesem *vorübergehenden* Response-Objekt festlegen.

Und sie senden eine Anfrage mit dem Benutzernamen `johndoe` und dem Passwort `love123`.

Dann würde der Python-Code in Ihrer Anwendung etwa so aussehen:

```Python
if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":
    ...
```

        assertNotNull(res, "null graph after resolver");
        assertNotNull(res.getVertices(), "no vertices in the resulting graph after resolver");

        assertNotNull(res.getExcidentEdges(v1), "no edges in the resulting graph after resolver");

        assertEquals(4, res.getVertices().size(), "wrong # of vertices in the resulting graph after resolver");
        assertEquals(
                2,

 * https://github.com/google/guava/releases/tag/v27.0) This means that the copy of ListenableFuture
 * in com.google.guava:guava differs from the "frozen" copy in the listenablefuture artifact. This
 * could in principle cause problems for some users. Still, we expect that the benefits of the
 * nullness annotations in particular will outweigh the costs. (And it's worth noting that we have