return readDirect(b, off, len);
    }

    /**
     * Reads up to len bytes of data from this input stream into an array of bytes.
     * Optimized for better performance with larger read sizes and reduced round trips.
     *
     * @param b the buffer to read into
     * @param off the offset in the buffer to start writing
     * @param len the maximum number of bytes to read
     * @return number of bytes read
     *

   * after executing them.
   *
   * @param listener the listener to run when the computation is complete
   * @param executor the executor to run the listener in
   * @throws RejectedExecutionException if we tried to execute the listener immediately but the
   *     executor rejected it.
   */
  void addListener(Runnable listener, Executor executor);

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Views elements of a type {@code T} as nodes in a tree, and provides methods to traverse the trees
 * induced by this traverser.
 *
 * <p>For example, the tree
 *
 * {@snippet :
 *        h
 *      / | \
 *     /  e  \
 *    d       g
 *   /|\      |
 *  / | \     f
 * a  b  c
 * }
 *

import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Queue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Views elements of a type {@code T} as nodes in a tree, and provides methods to traverse the trees
 * induced by this traverser.
 *
 * <p>For example, the tree
 *
 * {@snippet :
 *        h
 *      / | \
 *     /  e  \
 *    d       g
 *   /|\      |
 *  / | \     f
 * a  b  c
 * }
 *

      // SequentialExecutor by the time the barrier is satisfied
      barrier.await(1, SECONDS);
      executor.execute(barrierTask);
      // timeout means the second task wasn't even tried
      barrier.await(1, SECONDS);
    } finally {
      service.shutdown();
    }
  }

  public void testRejectedExecutionThrownWithMultipleCalls() throws Exception {

  printf %x\\n $h
}

verbose() { :; }
[ "${MVNW_VERBOSE-}" != true ] || verbose() { printf %s\\n "${1-}"; }

die() {
  printf %s\\n "$1" >&2
  exit 1
}

trim() {
  # MWRAPPER-139:
  #   Trims trailing and leading whitespace, carriage returns, tabs, and linefeeds.
  #   Needed for removing poorly interpreted newline sequences when running in more
  #   exotic environments such as mingw bash on Windows.

Ce chapitre n'est qu'un **tutoriel rapide / rappel** sur les annotations de type Python.
Seulement le minimum nécessaire pour les utiliser avec **FastAPI** sera couvert... ce qui est en réalité très peu.

**FastAPI** est totalement basé sur ces annotations de type, qui lui donnent de nombreux avantages.

# Về các phiên bản của FastAPI

**FastAPI** đã được sử dụng ở quy mô thực tế (production) trong nhiều ứng dụng và hệ thống. Và phạm vi kiểm thử được giữ ở mức 100%. Nhưng việc phát triển của nó vẫn đang diễn ra nhanh chóng.

Các tính năng mới được bổ sung thường xuyên, lỗi được sửa định kỳ, và mã nguồn vẫn đang được cải thiện liên tục

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

But Facebook login doesn't support OpenID Connect. It has its own flavor of OAuth2.

### OpenID (not "OpenID Connect") { #openid-not-openid-connect }

There was also an "OpenID" specification. That tried to solve the same thing as **OpenID Connect**, but was not based on OAuth2.

So, it was a complete additional system.

It is not very popular or used nowadays.

## OpenAPI { #openapi }