assertEquals("Top level error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly set
        DataStoreException exception = new DataStoreException("Test error");
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        ois.close();

        // Verify
        assertNotNull(deserialized);
        assertNull(deserialized.getMessage());
        assertNull(deserialized.getCause());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly maintained
        DictionaryExpiredException exception = new DictionaryExpiredException();
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertTrue(runtimeException instanceof RuntimeException);
        assertTrue(runtimeException instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(runtimeException instanceof Throwable);
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Create a ServletException with a specific message
        String errorMessage = "Stack trace test error";
        ServletException servletException = new ServletException(errorMessage);

        assertNotNull(cause);
        assertTrue(cause instanceof ParseException);
        assertEquals(parseException, cause);
        assertEquals("Query parsing failed", cause.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly set
        ParseException parseException = new ParseException("Stack trace test");
        QueryParseException queryParseException = new QueryParseException(parseException);

        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Throwable);
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly captured
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException("Stack trace test");
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertNotNull(exception);
        // The serialVersionUID field exists and is accessible at compile time
        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly preserved
        String message = "GSA error with stack trace";
        Throwable cause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");

        // Verify the exception can be created and basic properties work
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Serialization test", exception.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly maintained
        String message = "Stack trace test";
        Exception cause = new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid argument");

        // Both instances should be of the same class
        assertEquals(exception1.getClass(), exception2.getClass());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that the exception has a proper stack trace
        FessUserNotFoundException exception = new FessUserNotFoundException("testuser");

        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        // This test confirms the exception can be created and has standard exception properties
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is preserved
        int statusCode = 500;
        String message = "Error occurred";

        WebApiException exception = new WebApiException(statusCode, message);

    }

    @Test
    public void testStackTrace() {
        CurlException exception = new CurlException("Test message");
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertNotNull(stackTrace);
        assertTrue(stackTrace.length > 0);
        assertEquals("testStackTrace", stackTrace[0].getMethodName());
    }