到目前为止，您看到的依赖项都被声明为函数。

但这并不是声明依赖项的唯一方法(尽管它可能是更常见的方法)。

关键因素是依赖项应该是 "可调用对象"。

Python 中的 "**可调用对象**" 是指任何 Python 可以像函数一样 "调用" 的对象。

所以，如果你有一个对象 `something` (可能*不是*一个函数)，你可以 "调用" 它(执行它)，就像：

```Python
something()
```

或者

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

这就是 "可调用对象"。

## 类作为依赖项

您可能会注意到，要创建一个 Python 类的实例，您可以使用相同的语法。

举个例子:

```Python

 limitations under the License.
-->
Contributing to Apache Maven
======================

You have found a bug or you have an idea for a cool new feature? Contributing
code is a great way to give something back to the open source community. Before
you dig right into the code, there are a few guidelines that we need
contributors to follow so that we can have a chance of keeping on top of
things.

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

!!! tip

	return Pair[T1, T2]{f1: v1, f2: v2}
}

func (p Pair[X1, _]) First() X1 {
	return p.f1
}

func (p Pair[_, X2]) Second() X2 {
	return p.f2
}

// Deprecated: Use something else.
func Clone[S ~[]T, T any](s S) S {
	return append(S(nil), s...)

しかし、依存関係を定義する方法はそれだけではありません（その方が一般的かもしれませんが）。

重要なのは、依存関係が「呼び出し可能」なものであることです。

Pythonにおける「**呼び出し可能**」とは、Pythonが関数のように「呼び出す」ことができるものを指します。

そのため、`something`オブジェクト（関数ではないかもしれませんが）を持っていて、それを次のように「呼び出す」（実行する）ことができるとします:

```Python
something()
```

または

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

これを「呼び出し可能」なものと呼びます。

## 依存関係としてのクラス

Pythonのクラスのインスタンスを作成する際に、同じ構文を使用していることに気づくかもしれません。

                    ++replacementsCount
                    // Use shell's string concatenation: '...'"..." glues contents of quoted and double-quoted strings together.
                    // The result would be something like DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'" \"-javaagent:$APP_HOME/lib/agents/foobar.jar\""
                    line + getAgentOptions("\$APP_HOME").joinToString(separator = " ", prefix = "\" ", postfix = "\"") {

# Controllers

Istio has a variety of [controllers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/controller/), which basically watch some inputs and do something.
This can be reading from Kubernetes and writing other objects back, writing to proxies over XDS, etc.

Unfortunately, writing controllers is very error prone, even for seemingly simple cases.
To work around this, Istio has a variety of abstractions meant to make writing controllers easier.

## Clients

In general, ASGI middlewares are classes that expect to receive an ASGI app as the first argument.

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

    val handshake = makeRequest(client)

    assertThat(handshake.cipherSuite).isIn(*expectedModernTls12CipherSuites.toTypedArray())

    // Probably something like
    // TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
    // TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
    // TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
    // TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
    // TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384

	netns io.Closer
	fd    uintptr
	inode uint64
}

func (n *NetnsWithFd) Close() error {
	if n.netns == nil {
		return nil
	}

	ret := n.netns.Close()
	// set fd to invalid value, so if something uses it by mistake it will err
	uintZero := uintptr(0)
	n.fd = ^uintZero
	return ret
}

func (n *NetnsWithFd) Fd() uintptr {
	return n.fd
}

func (n *NetnsWithFd) Inode() uint64 {
	return n.inode