"cast(s as DECIMAL)",
		"extract(YEAR from '2018-01-09')",
		"extract(month from '2018-01-09')",

		"extract(hour from '2018-01-09')",
		"extract(day from '2018-01-09')",
		"substring('abcd' from 2 for 2)",
		"substring('abcd' from 2)",
		"substring('abcd' , 2 , 2)",

		"substring('abcd' , 22 )",
		"trim('  aab  ')",
		"trim(leading from '  aab  ')",
		"trim(trailing from '  aab  ')",
		"trim(both from '  aab  ')",

from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from typing import Union
from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: Annotated[datetime, Body()],
    end_datetime: Annotated[datetime, Body()],
    process_after: Annotated[timedelta, Body()],

      Invokable<A, A> invokable = Invokable.from(constructor);
      assertEquals(constructor.getName(), invokable.getName());
      assertEquals(A.class, invokable.getDeclaringClass());
      return invokable;
    }

    static Invokable<?, Object> method(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) throws Exception {
      Invokable<?, Object> invokable =
          Invokable.from(A.class.getDeclaredMethod(name, parameterTypes));

        ClosingFuture.whenAllSucceed(
                ClosingFuture.from(immediateFuture(closeable1)),
                ClosingFuture.from(immediateFuture(closeable2)),
                ClosingFuture.from(immediateFuture("value3")),
                ClosingFuture.from(immediateFuture("value4")),
                ClosingFuture.from(immediateFuture("value5")))
            .call(
                waiter.waitFor(

		log.Errorf("failed to remove pod %s from host ipset, error was: %v", pod.Name, err)
		return err
	}

	log.Debug("in pod mode - removing pod from ztunnel")
	if err := s.ztunnelServer.PodDeleted(ctx, string(pod.UID)); err != nil {
		log.Errorf("failed to delete pod from ztunnel: %v", err)
	}
	return nil
}

```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

    **FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `Request`.

## Override the default exception handlers

  private void enqueueStoppingEvent(final State from) {
    if (from == State.STARTING) {
      listeners.enqueue(STOPPING_FROM_STARTING_EVENT);
    } else if (from == State.RUNNING) {
      listeners.enqueue(STOPPING_FROM_RUNNING_EVENT);
    } else {
      throw new AssertionError();
    }
  }

  private void enqueueTerminatedEvent(final State from) {
    switch (from) {
      case NEW:

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi._compat import (
    ModelField,
    Undefined,
    _get_model_config,
    is_bytes_sequence_annotation,
    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
)
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo

from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2

    return Arrays.copyOf(empty, length);
  }

  /** Equivalent to Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, arrayOfType.getClass()). */
  static <T> T[] copy(Object[] source, int from, int to, T[] arrayOfType) {
    T[] result = newArray(arrayOfType, to - from);
    System.arraycopy(source, from, result, 0, to - from);
    return result;
  }

  // TODO(user): Move this logic to a utility class.

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
from fastapi.security import (
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    SecurityScopes,
)
from jose import JWTError, jwt
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
from typing_extensions import Annotated