* elements than the collection), the element in the array immediately following the end of the
   * collection is set to {@code null}. This is useful in determining the length of the collection
   * <i>only</i> if the caller knows that the collection does not contain any null elements.
   *
   * <p>This method returns the elements in the order they are returned by the collection's
   * iterator.
   *

  }

  final Set<Throwable> getOrInitSeenExceptions() {
    /*
     * The initialization of seenExceptions has to be more complicated than we'd like. The simple
     * approach would be for each caller CAS it from null to a Set populated with its exception. But
     * there's another race: If the first thread fails with an exception and a second thread
     * immediately fails with the same exception:
     *

   * stream. When encoding it is "unflipped" (encoded bytes between 0 and position) and when
   * draining it is flipped (undrained bytes between position and limit).
   */
  private ByteBuffer byteBuffer;

  /** Whether we've finished reading the reader. */
  private boolean endOfInput;
  /** Whether we're copying encoded bytes to the caller's buffer. */
  private boolean draining;

 * Iterator#remove} operations. This utility takes the brute-force approach of trying <i>all</i>
 * possible sequences of these operations, up to a given number of steps. So, if the caller
 * specifies to use <i>n</i> steps, a total of <i>3^n</i> tests are actually performed.
 *
 * <p>For instance, if <i>steps</i> is 5, one example sequence that will be tested is:
 *
 * <ol>
 *   <li>remove();

   * likewise not type-checked)? Could our single caller do something different?
   */
  @SuppressWarnings({"nullness", "unchecked"})
  static <T extends @Nullable Object> T[] copy(Object[] source, int from, int to, T[] arrayOfType) {
    return Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, (Class<? extends T[]>) arrayOfType.getClass());
  }

  /**
   * Configures the given map maker to use weak keys, if possible; does nothing otherwise (i.e., in

   * write.
   *
   * 2. visibility of the writes to an afterDone() call triggered by cancel():
   *
   * Since these fields are non-final that means that TimeoutFuture is not being 'safely published',
   * thus a motivated caller may be able to expose the reference to another thread that would then
   * call cancel() and be unable to cancel the delegate.
   * There are a number of ways to solve this, none of which are very pretty, and it is currently

    }

    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
        Platform.format("key %s not found in entries %s", newEntry.getKey(), expected));
  }

  /**
   * Wrapper for {@link Map#get(Object)} that forces the caller to pass in a key of the same type as
   * the map. Besides being slightly shorter than code that uses {@link #getMap()}, it also ensures
   * that callers don't pass an {@link Entry} by mistake.
   */

    otherwise. Do not persist these and assume they can be read by a future
    version of the library.

5.  Our classes are not designed to protect against a malicious caller. You
    should not use them for communication between trusted and untrusted code.

6.  For the mainline flavor, we test the libraries using OpenJDK 8, 11, and 17

  }

  /**
   * Loads {@link WillBeUnloadedException} in a separate {@code ClassLoader}, calls {@code
   * getChecked(future, WillBeUnloadedException.class)}, and returns the loader. The caller can then
   * test that the {@code ClassLoader} can still be GCed. The test amounts to a test that {@code
   * getChecked} holds no strong references to the class.
   */

 * named analogously to their {@code BigInteger} counterparts.
 *
 * <p>The implementations of many methods in this class are based on material from Henry S. Warren,
 * Jr.'s <i>Hacker's Delight</i>, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Similar functionality for {@code long} and for {@link BigInteger} can be found in {@link
 * LongMath} and {@link BigIntegerMath} respectively. For other common operations on {@code int}