Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

    for (int a : TEST_INTS) {
      try {
        UnsignedInteger unused = UnsignedInteger.fromIntBits(a).dividedBy(UnsignedInteger.ZERO);
        fail("Expected ArithmeticException");
      } catch (ArithmeticException expected) {
      }
    }
  }

  public void testMod() {
    for (int a : TEST_INTS) {
      for (int b : TEST_INTS) {
        if (b != 0) {

        sink.writeByte((length shr shift).toInt())
      }
    }

    // Write the payload.
    sink.writeAll(content)
  }

  /**
   * Execute [block] with a new namespace for type hints. Type hints from the enclosing type are no
   * longer usable by the current type's members.
   */
  fun <T> withTypeHint(block: () -> T): T {
    typeHintStack.add(null)
    try {
      return block()
    } finally {

            ListTestSuiteBuilder.using(new IntsAsListTailSubListGenerator())
                .named("Ints.asList, tail subList"),
            ListTestSuiteBuilder.using(new IntsAsListMiddleSubListGenerator())
                .named("Ints.asList, middle subList"));

    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    for (ListTestSuiteBuilder<Integer> builder : builders) {
      suite.addTest(
          builder

        Map<Object, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
        String childPath = child.getProperties().getOrDefault(CHILD_DIRECTORY_PROPERTY, child.getArtifactId());
        hints.put(CHILD_DIRECTORY, childPath);
        hints.put(MavenModelMerger.CHILD_PATH_ADJUSTMENT, getChildPathAdjustment(child, parent, childPath));
        return merger.merge(child, parent, false, hints);
    }

    /**

  }

  public void testToLong() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong((int) a)).isEqualTo(a);
    }
  }

  public void testCompare() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      for (long b : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
        int cmpAsLongs = Longs.compare(a, b);
        int cmpAsUInt = UnsignedInts.compare((int) a, (int) b);

C'était l'une des premières implémentations d'un framework utilisant les type hints Python pour déclarer les paramètres
et les requêtes que j'ai vues (avant NestJS et Molten). Je l'ai trouvé plus ou moins en même temps que Hug. Mais APIStar utilisait le standard OpenAPI.

Il disposait de la validation automatique, sérialisation des données et d'une génération de schéma OpenAPI basée sur les mêmes type hints à plusieurs endroits.

  optional string nodeName = 6;

  // zone is the name of the Zone this endpoint exists in.
  // +optional
  optional string zone = 7;

  // hints contains information associated with how an endpoint should be
  // consumed.
  // +optional
  optional EndpointHints hints = 8;
}

// EndpointConditions represents the current condition of an endpoint.
message EndpointConditions {

import com.google.common.collect.testing.SampleElements.Ints;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Create integer sets for collection tests.
 *
 * @author Gregory Kick
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class TestIntegerSetGenerator implements TestSetGenerator<Integer> {
  @Override
  public SampleElements<Integer> samples() {
    return new Ints();
  }

  @Override

  public void testIteratorMinAndMax() {
    List<Integer> ints = Lists.newArrayList(5, 3, 0, 9);
    assertEquals(9, (int) numberOrdering.max(ints.iterator()));
    assertEquals(0, (int) numberOrdering.min(ints.iterator()));

    // when the values are the same, the first argument should be returned
    Integer a = new Integer(4);
    Integer b = new Integer(4);
    ints = Lists.newArrayList(a, b, b);